ãáÊÞì ØáÇÈ æØÇáÈÇÊ ÌÇãÚÉ Çáãáß ÝíÕá,ÌÇãÚÉ ÇáÏãÇã

ÇáÚæÏÉ   ãáÊÞì ØáÇÈ æØÇáÈÇÊ ÌÇãÚÉ Çáãáß ÝíÕá,ÌÇãÚÉ ÇáÏãÇã > .: ÓÜÇÍÜÉ ÇáÊÚáíã Úä ÈÚÏ (ÇáÇäÊÓÇÈ):. > ãáÊÞì ØáÇÈ ÇáÊÚáíã Úä ÈÚÏ ÌÇãÚÉ Çáãáß ÝíÕá > ßáíÉ ÇáÃÏÇÈ > ÇááÛÉ ÇáÃäÌáíÒíÉ > E6
ÇáÊÓÌíá ÇáßæíÒÇÊÅÖÇÝÉ ßæíÒãæÇÚíÏ ÇáÊÓÌíá ÇáÊÚáíãÜÜÜÇÊ ÇáãÌãæÚÇÊ  

E6 English Literature Students Level six Forum

ãæÖæÚ ãÛáÞ
 
ÃÏæÇÊ ÇáãæÖæÚ
ÞÏíã 2014- 5- 6   #71
ÇáÌÇÒí ..
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÝÜÚøÜÇá
 
ÇáÕæÑÉ ÇáÑãÒíÉ ÇáÌÇÒí ..
ÇáãáÝ ÇáÔÎÕí:
ÑÞã ÇáÚÖæíÉ : 119570
ÊÇÑíÎ ÇáÊÓÌíá: Thu Sep 2012
ÇáãÔÇÑßÇÊ: 237
ÇáÜÌäÜÜÓ : ÃäÜËÜì
ÚÏÏ ÇáÜäÞÜÇØ : 4471
ãÄÔÑ ÇáãÓÊæì: 56
ÇáÌÇÒí .. will become famous soon enoughÇáÌÇÒí .. will become famous soon enoughÇáÌÇÒí .. will become famous soon enoughÇáÌÇÒí .. will become famous soon enoughÇáÌÇÒí .. will become famous soon enoughÇáÌÇÒí .. will become famous soon enoughÇáÌÇÒí .. will become famous soon enoughÇáÌÇÒí .. will become famous soon enoughÇáÌÇÒí .. will become famous soon enoughÇáÌÇÒí .. will become famous soon enoughÇáÌÇÒí .. will become famous soon enough
ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáØÇáÈ:
ÇáßáíÉ: ÌÇãÚíå
ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: ÇäÌáíÒí -
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÇáãÓÊæì ÇáÓÇÈÚ
 ÇáÃæÓãÉ æ ÌæÇÆÒ  ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáÇÊÕÇá ÈÇáÚÖæ  ÇÎÑ ãæÇÖíÚ ÇáÚÖæ
ÇáÌÇÒí .. ÛíÑ ãÊæÇÌÏ ÍÇáíÇð
ÑÏ: @@ ÊÌãÚ ãÐÇßÑÉ Úáã ÇáãÚÇäí æÇáÈÑÛãÇÊß @@

íÚØíß ÇáÝ ÚÇÝíå ÕÑÇÍå ÔÑÑÍÊí ÇáßËíÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ
 
ÞÏíã 2014- 5- 6   #72
ãÑÈì ÝÑÇæáå
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÝÜÖÜí
ÇáãáÝ ÇáÔÎÕí:
ÑÞã ÇáÚÖæíÉ : 89434
ÊÇÑíÎ ÇáÊÓÌíá: Mon Oct 2011
ÇáãÔÇÑßÇÊ: 483
ÇáÜÌäÜÜÓ : ÃäÜËÜì
ÚÏÏ ÇáÜäÞÜÇØ : 2015
ãÄÔÑ ÇáãÓÊæì: 60
ãÑÈì ÝÑÇæáå will become famous soon enoughãÑÈì ÝÑÇæáå will become famous soon enoughãÑÈì ÝÑÇæáå will become famous soon enoughãÑÈì ÝÑÇæáå will become famous soon enoughãÑÈì ÝÑÇæáå will become famous soon enoughãÑÈì ÝÑÇæáå will become famous soon enoughãÑÈì ÝÑÇæáå will become famous soon enoughãÑÈì ÝÑÇæáå will become famous soon enoughãÑÈì ÝÑÇæáå will become famous soon enoughãÑÈì ÝÑÇæáå will become famous soon enoughãÑÈì ÝÑÇæáå will become famous soon enough
ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáØÇáÈ:
ÇáßáíÉ: ßáíå ÇáÇÏÇÈ
ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: English
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÇáãÓÊæì ÇáËÇãä
 ÇáÃæÓãÉ æ ÌæÇÆÒ  ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáÇÊÕÇá ÈÇáÚÖæ  ÇÎÑ ãæÇÖíÚ ÇáÚÖæ
ãÑÈì ÝÑÇæáå ÛíÑ ãÊæÇÌÏ ÍÇáíÇð
ÑÏ: @@ ÊÌãÚ ãÐÇßÑÉ Úáã ÇáãÚÇäí æÇáÈÑÛãÇÊß @@

íÚØíßã ÇáÚÇÝíå ÌãíÚÇ

Çááí ÝÇåã ÇáãÍÇÖÑå ÇáÓÇÈÚå íÔÑÍååÇ ÚÌÒÊ ÇÝåãåÇ
 
ÞÏíã 2014- 5- 6   #73
ÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÃáÜãÜÇÓÜí
 
ÇáÕæÑÉ ÇáÑãÒíÉ ÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä
ÇáãáÝ ÇáÔÎÕí:
ÑÞã ÇáÚÖæíÉ : 80086
ÊÇÑíÎ ÇáÊÓÌíá: Tue Jul 2011
ÇáãÔÇÑßÇÊ: 1,870
ÇáÜÌäÜÜÓ : ÃäÜËÜì
ÚÏÏ ÇáÜäÞÜÇØ : 7461
ãÄÔÑ ÇáãÓÊæì: 80
ÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä has a reputation beyond reputeÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä has a reputation beyond reputeÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä has a reputation beyond reputeÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä has a reputation beyond reputeÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä has a reputation beyond reputeÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä has a reputation beyond reputeÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä has a reputation beyond reputeÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä has a reputation beyond reputeÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä has a reputation beyond reputeÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä has a reputation beyond reputeÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä has a reputation beyond repute
ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáØÇáÈ:
ÇáßáíÉ: ßáíÉ ÇáÇÏÇÈ
ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: English
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÇáãÓÊæì ÇáËÇãä
 ÇáÃæÓãÉ æ ÌæÇÆÒ  ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáÇÊÕÇá ÈÇáÚÖæ  ÇÎÑ ãæÇÖíÚ ÇáÚÖæ
ÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä ÛíÑ ãÊæÇÌÏ ÍÇáíÇð
ÑÏ: @@ ÊÌãÚ ãÐÇßÑÉ Úáã ÇáãÚÇäí æÇáÈÑÛãÇÊß @@

ÍÊì ÇäÇ ãËáß íÇ ÝÑÇæáå

æÇáãÍÇÖÑå ÇáÚÇÔÑå ÈÚÏ íÇáíÊ ÇÍÏ íÔÑÍåÇ
 
ÞÏíã 2014- 5- 6   #74
Lovelyy
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÝÜÖÜí
 
ÇáÕæÑÉ ÇáÑãÒíÉ Lovelyy
ÇáãáÝ ÇáÔÎÕí:
ÑÞã ÇáÚÖæíÉ : 136974
ÊÇÑíÎ ÇáÊÓÌíá: Tue Feb 2013
ÇáãÔÇÑßÇÊ: 549
ÇáÜÌäÜÜÓ : ÃäÜËÜì
ÚÏÏ ÇáÜäÞÜÇØ : 899
ãÄÔÑ ÇáãÓÊæì: 53
Lovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of light
ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáØÇáÈ:
ÇáßáíÉ: ÇáÇÏÇÈ
ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÎÑíÌ ÌÇãÚí
 ÇáÃæÓãÉ æ ÌæÇÆÒ  ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáÇÊÕÇá ÈÇáÚÖæ  ÇÎÑ ãæÇÖíÚ ÇáÚÖæ
Lovelyy ÛíÑ ãÊæÇÌÏ ÍÇáíÇð
ÑÏ: @@ ÊÌãÚ ãÐÇßÑÉ Úáã ÇáãÚÇäí æÇáÈÑÛãÇÊß @@

ÇáÕÑÇÍÉ ãÇÚäÏí æÞÊ ÞÇÚÏÉ ÇÐÇßÑ ÇÎÊÈÇÑ ÈÓ áÚíæäß Èßãá ÇáÔÑÍ

ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ ÇáÓÇÈÚÉ

Componential Analysis ÊÍáíá ÇáãßæäÇÊ ÇæÊÝßíß

ÊÚÑíÝ In componential analysis, the total meaning of a word is being analyzed into a number of distinct components of meaning ( semantic features

In the light of relationship such as these we can abstract components ( male ) and ( female ), ( adult ) and (non-adult), plus ( human ) ), "child" is (human), ( non-adult )
åäÇ ÑÍ ÇäÝßßß ÇæäÍáá ßáãÉ ÐßÑ æÇäËì äÈÏÇ ÈÐßÑ äÞæá (ÇäÓÇä –ÈÇáÛ –ÈÔÑ ) ÇáÇäËì (ÇäÓÇä –ÈÇáÛ –ÇäËì )ÇíÖÇ ÇáÐßÑ æÇáÇäËì ÇÐÇ ßÇä ØÝá äÞæá ÛíÑ ÈÇáÛ ÚäÏäÇ ßáãÉ ØÝá (ÇäÓÇä –ÛíÑ ÈÇáÛ )åäÇ ÇáÈÔÑ

, ( bovine ) and ( ovine ).Thus, "ewe" is ( ovine ), ( female ), ( adult äÌí ááÍíæÇäÇÊ áãá äÝßß ßáãÉ äÚÌÉ (ÇÛäÇã –ÇäËì-ÈÇáÛ) æåßÐÇ

But the "come/go" and "bring/take åäÇ åÐì ÇáßáãÇÊ ãÇíãßä äÝßßåÇ ÇÐÇ äÞæá ÚäåÇ
not all components are related to simple physical features))

ÇíÖÇ ÊÍáíá ÇáßáãÉ íÌí ÈÑãæÒ ãËá ÇáãæÌÈ æÇáÓÇáÈ a clear distinction ááÊãííÒ æÇÖÍ Èíä ÇáßáãÇÊ ãËáÇ
ÇáÐßÑ äÑãÒ áÉ È + æÇáÇäËì – æÇáÌãÇÏ ÓÇáÈ æãæÌÈ ãÚ ÈÚÖ åäÇ ãËÇá
Pregnant man )) ßíÝ äÝßßåÇ äÞæá (+male) and pregnant as (-male), ÞáäÇ Ýí ÇáÇæáÉ ÑÌá ÐßÑ ãæÌÈ Ýí ÇáËÇäíÉ ÞáäÇ ÐßÑ ÓÇáÈ áíÔ áÇä ßáãÉ (ÇáÍãá )Ýí ÇáãËÇá ÊÑÌÚ ááÇäËì ÇáÑÌá ãÇ íÍãá ÝÍØíäÇ ÓÇáÈ áÇäåÇ ÕÝÉ ÊÑÌÚ ááÇäËì

Componential analysis can handle all the sense relations we have discussed, but it handles some sense relations better than others like( hyponyms and conversess
ÇÎÑ Ôí äÞæá ÊÍáíá ÇáãßæäÇÊ íÊÚÇãá ãÚ ÌãíÚ ÇáÚáÇÞÇÊ ãäåÇ ÇáÔãæá æÇáÊÖÇÏ
ÇáÊÖÇÏ ãËá ÇáæÇáÏíä æÇáØÝá ßáãÊíä ãÊÖÇÏÉ ÈÓ äÍááåÇ ÇíÖÇ ÇáÔãæá ãËá ÇáÐßÑ æÇáÇäËì ßáåã íÑÌÚæä áßáãÉ ßÇÆä Íí ÇæÍí æßæä ÊÍáíåÇ (+animate, +male/-male)

ÇäÊåÊ ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ
 
ÞÏíã 2014- 5- 6   #75
ÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÃáÜãÜÇÓÜí
 
ÇáÕæÑÉ ÇáÑãÒíÉ ÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä
ÇáãáÝ ÇáÔÎÕí:
ÑÞã ÇáÚÖæíÉ : 80086
ÊÇÑíÎ ÇáÊÓÌíá: Tue Jul 2011
ÇáãÔÇÑßÇÊ: 1,870
ÇáÜÌäÜÜÓ : ÃäÜËÜì
ÚÏÏ ÇáÜäÞÜÇØ : 7461
ãÄÔÑ ÇáãÓÊæì: 80
ÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä has a reputation beyond reputeÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä has a reputation beyond reputeÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä has a reputation beyond reputeÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä has a reputation beyond reputeÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä has a reputation beyond reputeÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä has a reputation beyond reputeÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä has a reputation beyond reputeÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä has a reputation beyond reputeÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä has a reputation beyond reputeÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä has a reputation beyond reputeÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä has a reputation beyond repute
ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáØÇáÈ:
ÇáßáíÉ: ßáíÉ ÇáÇÏÇÈ
ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: English
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÇáãÓÊæì ÇáËÇãä
 ÇáÃæÓãÉ æ ÌæÇÆÒ  ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáÇÊÕÇá ÈÇáÚÖæ  ÇÎÑ ãæÇÖíÚ ÇáÚÖæ
ÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä ÛíÑ ãÊæÇÌÏ ÍÇáíÇð
ÑÏ: @@ ÊÌãÚ ãÐÇßÑÉ Úáã ÇáãÚÇäí æÇáÈÑÛãÇÊß @@

Çááå íæÝÞß íÇáæÝáí æíÓåá Úáíß ÇÎÊÈÇÑß

ãÇÞÕÑÊí
 
ÞÏíã 2014- 5- 6   #76
Lovelyy
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÝÜÖÜí
 
ÇáÕæÑÉ ÇáÑãÒíÉ Lovelyy
ÇáãáÝ ÇáÔÎÕí:
ÑÞã ÇáÚÖæíÉ : 136974
ÊÇÑíÎ ÇáÊÓÌíá: Tue Feb 2013
ÇáãÔÇÑßÇÊ: 549
ÇáÜÌäÜÜÓ : ÃäÜËÜì
ÚÏÏ ÇáÜäÞÜÇØ : 899
ãÄÔÑ ÇáãÓÊæì: 53
Lovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of light
ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáØÇáÈ:
ÇáßáíÉ: ÇáÇÏÇÈ
ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÎÑíÌ ÌÇãÚí
 ÇáÃæÓãÉ æ ÌæÇÆÒ  ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáÇÊÕÇá ÈÇáÚÖæ  ÇÎÑ ãæÇÖíÚ ÇáÚÖæ
Lovelyy ÛíÑ ãÊæÇÌÏ ÍÇáíÇð
ÑÏ: @@ ÊÌãÚ ãÐÇßÑÉ Úáã ÇáãÚÇäí æÇáÈÑÛãÇÊß @@

ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ ÇáÚÇÔÑÉ
ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ ßáåÇ ÊÚÇÑíÝ

Sentences & Utterances ÇáÌãáÉ æÇáÚÈÇÑÉ ÇáßáÇãíÉ Çæ ÇáãäØæÞÉ

ÊÚÑíÝ
An utterance is any stretch of talk, by one person, before and after which there is silence on the part of that person
An utterance is the use of a piece of language ( one or more word / phrase / sentence ) by a particular speaker on a particular occasion
ÊÚÑíÝ
A sentence is neither a physical event nor a physical object. It is an abstract string of words put together by the grammatical rules of a language.
o A sentence, then, exists abstractly in the mind of language speakers before they say it or write it.
o A sentence can be thought of as the ideal string of words behind various realizations in utterances and inscriptions

ßíÞ äÚÑÝ äÝÑÞ Èíä ÇáÌãáÉ æÇáÚÈÇÑÉ ÇáßáÇãíÉ
ãËÇá( "There is a car coming) åäÇ ÚäÏäÇ ÌãáÉ æÍÏÉ áÇßä ÚäÏäÇ ÇíÖÇ ÚÈÇÑÊíä ßáÇãíÊíä ßíÝ áæ äÑßÒ Ôæí Ýí ÇáÌãáÉ ÚÈÇÑÉ Çä åäÇß ÓíÇÑÉ ÚÈÇÑÉ ÇÎÑì ÇáÓíÇÑÉ ÞÇÏãÉ ÇÐÇ äÓÊäÊÌ Çä ÇáÌãáÉ ÊßÊÈ æÇÍÏÉ æÇáÚÈÇÑÉ ÇËäÊíä äÞæá
we have one sentence, but you made two different utterances))

ÊÚÑíÝ ÇáÊÞÑíÑ ßáÇãí
A constatives utterance is an utterance with which the speaker describes something which may be true or false
ãËÇá ÚáíÉ
I'm trying to get this box open with a screwdriver) ) ÇäÇ ÇÍÇæá ÇÝÊÍ ÇáÕäÏæÞ ÈÇáãÝß åäÇ ÇáãäØæÞ Çæ ÇáßáÇã íßæä ÕÍ ÇæÎØÇÁ íÚäí ããßä Çä ÝÊÍÉ ÈÇáãÝß ÕÍ æããßä ÛáØ

ÊÚÑíÝ ßáÇã ÇÏÇÆí Çæ ãäØæÞ ÇÏÇÆí
Performatives utterance is an utterance that does not report or "constate" anything and is not "true or false".
ãËÇá ÚáíÉ (I name this ship Discovery)åäÇ ãÇÝíÉ äÞÇÔ áßáÇã íÚäì ãÇÚØÇäÇ ÈíÇäÇÊ Úä ÇäÉ ÕÍ Çæ ÎØÇÁ ÚáØæá ÚØÇäÇ ÇÓã ÇáÓÝíäÉ æÎáÇÕ

ÊÚÑíÝ ÇáÝÚá ÇáÇÏÇÆí
A Performative verb is one which, when used in a positive simple present tense sentence with a 1st person singular subject, can make the utterance of that sentence performative
ãËÇá ÚáíÉ
I thank you all for attending)) åäÇ ÇÓÊÎÏãäÇ ÝÚá Ýí ÇáßáÇã ÈÔßá ÇíÌÇÈí åäÇ ÇáÝÚá ËÇäß ÔßÑ ÇíÖÇ ããßä íÌí ÇÚÊÐÇÑ Çæ æÚÏ

Performatives can be either explicit or implicit
ÊÚÑíÝ ÇáÇÏÇÁ ÇáÕÑíÍ .
o An explicit performative contains a performative verb naming the act. E.g. I
order you to go.åäÇ Ýí ÇáãËÇá íÞæá ÈÕÑÇÍÉ ÇäÇØáÈÊ ÇæÇãÑÊß ÊÑæÍ Çæ ÊÐåÈ ÌÇÊ åäÇ ÇãÑ æ ÊÌí ÈÚÏ ßÇäÉ íÍÐÑÉ
ÊÚÑíÝ ÇáÇÏÇÁ ÇáÊÇã Çæ ÇáãÝåæã
o An implicit performative does not contain a performative verb naming the act. E.g. Go. åäÇ ÇáãËÇá íÞæá ÈÔßá ÈÓíØ ÇÐåÈ æÈÓ

Constatives Vs. Performative
a performative utterance performs some act and simultaneously describes that act. On the other hand, a constative utterance does NOT perform the act
ÇáÝÑÞ Èíä ÇáÇÏÇÆí æÇáÊÞÑíÑí Çä ÇáÇÏÇÆí íáÊÒã ÈÇáÝÚá æíÄÏíÉ æÇáÊÞÑíÑí ÚßÓ ãÇíáÊÒã

ÇäÊåÊ ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ
 
ÞÏíã 2014- 5- 6   #77
Lovelyy
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÝÜÖÜí
 
ÇáÕæÑÉ ÇáÑãÒíÉ Lovelyy
ÇáãáÝ ÇáÔÎÕí:
ÑÞã ÇáÚÖæíÉ : 136974
ÊÇÑíÎ ÇáÊÓÌíá: Tue Feb 2013
ÇáãÔÇÑßÇÊ: 549
ÇáÜÌäÜÜÓ : ÃäÜËÜì
ÚÏÏ ÇáÜäÞÜÇØ : 899
ãÄÔÑ ÇáãÓÊæì: 53
Lovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of light
ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáØÇáÈ:
ÇáßáíÉ: ÇáÇÏÇÈ
ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÎÑíÌ ÌÇãÚí
 ÇáÃæÓãÉ æ ÌæÇÆÒ  ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáÇÊÕÇá ÈÇáÚÖæ  ÇÎÑ ãæÇÖíÚ ÇáÚÖæ
Lovelyy ÛíÑ ãÊæÇÌÏ ÍÇáíÇð
ÑÏ: @@ ÊÌãÚ ãÐÇßÑÉ Úáã ÇáãÚÇäí æÇáÈÑÛãÇÊß @@

ÇÞÊÈÇÓ:
ÇáãÔÇÑßÉ ÇáÃÕáíÉ ßÊÈÊ ÈæÇÓØÉ ÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä ãÔÇåÏÉ ÇáãÔÇÑßÉ
Çááå íæÝÞß íÇáæÝáí æíÓåá Úáíß ÇÎÊÈÇÑß

ãÇÞÕÑÊí
ÔßÑÑ Çááå íæÝÞäÇ ÌãíÚ
 
ÞÏíã 2014- 5- 6   #78
ÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÃáÜãÜÇÓÜí
 
ÇáÕæÑÉ ÇáÑãÒíÉ ÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä
ÇáãáÝ ÇáÔÎÕí:
ÑÞã ÇáÚÖæíÉ : 80086
ÊÇÑíÎ ÇáÊÓÌíá: Tue Jul 2011
ÇáãÔÇÑßÇÊ: 1,870
ÇáÜÌäÜÜÓ : ÃäÜËÜì
ÚÏÏ ÇáÜäÞÜÇØ : 7461
ãÄÔÑ ÇáãÓÊæì: 80
ÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä has a reputation beyond reputeÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä has a reputation beyond reputeÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä has a reputation beyond reputeÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä has a reputation beyond reputeÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä has a reputation beyond reputeÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä has a reputation beyond reputeÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä has a reputation beyond reputeÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä has a reputation beyond reputeÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä has a reputation beyond reputeÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä has a reputation beyond reputeÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä has a reputation beyond repute
ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáØÇáÈ:
ÇáßáíÉ: ßáíÉ ÇáÇÏÇÈ
ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: English
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÇáãÓÊæì ÇáËÇãä
 ÇáÃæÓãÉ æ ÌæÇÆÒ  ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáÇÊÕÇá ÈÇáÚÖæ  ÇÎÑ ãæÇÖíÚ ÇáÚÖæ
ÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä ÛíÑ ãÊæÇÌÏ ÍÇáíÇð
ÑÏ: @@ ÊÌãÚ ãÐÇßÑÉ Úáã ÇáãÚÇäí æÇáÈÑÛãÇÊß @@

æÇááå íÇáæÝáí ãÇ ÇÏÑí æÔ ÇÞæáß

Çááå íÇÑÈí íæÝÞß æíÓÚÏß
 
ÞÏíã 2014- 5- 6   #79
ÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÃáÜãÜÇÓÜí
 
ÇáÕæÑÉ ÇáÑãÒíÉ ÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä
ÇáãáÝ ÇáÔÎÕí:
ÑÞã ÇáÚÖæíÉ : 80086
ÊÇÑíÎ ÇáÊÓÌíá: Tue Jul 2011
ÇáãÔÇÑßÇÊ: 1,870
ÇáÜÌäÜÜÓ : ÃäÜËÜì
ÚÏÏ ÇáÜäÞÜÇØ : 7461
ãÄÔÑ ÇáãÓÊæì: 80
ÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä has a reputation beyond reputeÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä has a reputation beyond reputeÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä has a reputation beyond reputeÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä has a reputation beyond reputeÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä has a reputation beyond reputeÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä has a reputation beyond reputeÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä has a reputation beyond reputeÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä has a reputation beyond reputeÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä has a reputation beyond reputeÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä has a reputation beyond reputeÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä has a reputation beyond repute
ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáØÇáÈ:
ÇáßáíÉ: ßáíÉ ÇáÇÏÇÈ
ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: English
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÇáãÓÊæì ÇáËÇãä
 ÇáÃæÓãÉ æ ÌæÇÆÒ  ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáÇÊÕÇá ÈÇáÚÖæ  ÇÎÑ ãæÇÖíÚ ÇáÚÖæ
ÖÜÜÇãíÉ ÍÜÜäíä ÛíÑ ãÊæÇÌÏ ÍÇáíÇð
ÑÏ: @@ ÊÌãÚ ãÐÇßÑÉ Úáã ÇáãÚÇäí æÇáÈÑÛãÇÊß @@

ÚäÏí ÑÇí áß íÇ áæÝáí

ÇÐÇ ÚäÏß Çáíæã ÇÎÊÈÇÑ Îáíß ÈÇÎÊÈÇÑß æÈÚÏ ãÇ ÊÎáÕíä ÇÑÌÚí æßãáí ÔÑÍ

áÇä ÑÇÍÌ íßæä Ýíå íæãíä ááãÐÇßÑå æÇáãÑÇÌÚå

æáÇ ÊÌåíä äÝÓß æÊÖÛØíäåÇ

ÑÈí íÓÚÏß
 
ÞÏíã 2014- 5- 6   #80
Lovelyy
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÝÜÖÜí
 
ÇáÕæÑÉ ÇáÑãÒíÉ Lovelyy
ÇáãáÝ ÇáÔÎÕí:
ÑÞã ÇáÚÖæíÉ : 136974
ÊÇÑíÎ ÇáÊÓÌíá: Tue Feb 2013
ÇáãÔÇÑßÇÊ: 549
ÇáÜÌäÜÜÓ : ÃäÜËÜì
ÚÏÏ ÇáÜäÞÜÇØ : 899
ãÄÔÑ ÇáãÓÊæì: 53
Lovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of light
ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáØÇáÈ:
ÇáßáíÉ: ÇáÇÏÇÈ
ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÎÑíÌ ÌÇãÚí
 ÇáÃæÓãÉ æ ÌæÇÆÒ  ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáÇÊÕÇá ÈÇáÚÖæ  ÇÎÑ ãæÇÖíÚ ÇáÚÖæ
Lovelyy ÛíÑ ãÊæÇÌÏ ÍÇáíÇð
ÑÏ: @@ ÊÌãÚ ãÐÇßÑÉ Úáã ÇáãÚÇäí æÇáÈÑÛãÇÊß @@

ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ ÇáËÇáËÉ ÚÔÑ

Co-operative Principle ÇáÊÚÇæä ÇËäÇÁ ÇáÍÏíË Çæ ãÈÏÇ ÇáÊÚÇæä ÝíÉ ÇÓÇÓíÇÊ íÌÈ ÇáÇáÊÒÇã ÈåÇ Ýí ÇáãÍÇÏËÉ æåí
In a normal conversation, a speaker tries to:
1. Give relatively specific answers to questions.
2. Give new information that the hearer doesn't already know.
3. Give information that is relevant to the topic of conversation
4. Give information in a way that is easy to understand
5. Avoid ambiguity, or potentially misleading statement

ÊÚÑíÝ
the Co-operative principle, the social rule which speakers try to follow in conversation.
The Co-operative principle can be stated simply as " be as helpful to your hearer as you can

Maxims of Grice ÇáËæÇÈÊ Çáí æÖÚÊå ÛÑÇíÓ

1. Maxims of Quality : Truthfulness – do not say what you believe to be false.
ÇáÕÏÞ íáÊÒã ÇáãÊßáã ÈÇáÕÏÞ æãÇíÞæá Ôí æåæ ÚÇÑÝ ÇäÉ ÎØÇÁ
2. Maxims of Relation : Relevance – keep to the topic of the conversation.
ÇáÕáÉ íáÊÒã ÇáãÊßáã ÈãæÖæÚ ÇáÍÏíË æáÇíÎÑÌ Úä ÇáãæÖæÚ
3. Maxims of Quantity: Informativeness – tell the hearer just what he needs to know, no more and no less.
áÇÇÞá æáÇÇßËÑ íáÊÒã ÇáãÊßáã ÈÇáÔí Çáí íÎÕ ÇáÓÄÇá ÝÞØ ÈÏæä ÒíÇÏÉ
4. Maxims of Manner : Clarity – speak in a way that the hearer will understand.
ÇáæÖæÚ ÇáÊßáã ÈØÑíÞÉ æÇÖÍå íÝåãåÇ ÇáÓÇãÚ

Ýí ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ 14 ÝíÉ ÇãËáÉ ÊÎÕ ßá äæÚ ãä åÐì ÇáËæÇÈÊ

Implicature ÇáãÝåæã Çæ ÇáÇÓÊÏáÇá ãä ÇáßáÇã
ÊÚÑíÝ
Implicature is a concept of utterance meaning ( as opposed to sentence meaning
Implicature is related to the method through which speakers understand the indirect illocutions of utterances
íÚäí äÝåã Çæ äÓÊäÊÌ ãÚäì ãä ÇáßáÇã æåæ ãÇåæ ãßÊæÈ Çæ äÝåãÉ æäÓÊäÊÌÉ ãä ßáÇã ÇáãÊßáã
ÇäÊåÊ ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ
 
ãæÖæÚ ãÛáÞ

ãæÇÞÚ ÇáäÔÑ (ÇáãÝÖáÉ)

« ÇáãæÖæÚ ÇáÓÇÈÞ | ÇáãæÖæÚ ÇáÊÇáí »

ÇáÐíä íÔÇåÏæä ãÍÊæì ÇáãæÖæÚ ÇáÂä : 1 ( ÇáÃÚÖÇÁ 0 æÇáÒæÇÑ 1)
 

ÊÚáíãÇÊ ÇáãÔÇÑßÉ
áÇ ÊÓÊØíÚ ÅÖÇÝÉ ãæÇÖíÚ ÌÏíÏÉ
áÇ ÊÓÊØíÚ ÇáÑÏ Úáì ÇáãæÇÖíÚ
áÇ ÊÓÊØíÚ ÅÑÝÇÞ ãáÝÇÊ
áÇ ÊÓÊØíÚ ÊÚÏíá ãÔÇÑßÇÊß

BB code is ãÊÇÍÉ
ßæÏ [IMG] ãÊÇÍÉ
ßæÏ HTML ãÚØáÉ

ÇáÇäÊÞÇá ÇáÓÑíÚ


All times are GMT +3. ÇáæÞÊ ÇáÂä ÍÓÈ ÊæÞíÊ ÇáÓÚæÏíÉ: 04:29 AM.


Powered by vBulletin® Version 3.8.7, Copyright ©2000 - 2024, Jelsoft Enterprises Ltd. ÌÇãÚÉ Çáãáß ÇáÝíÕá,ÌÇãÚÉ ÇáÏãÇã
ÇáãæÇÖíÚ æÇáãÔÇÑßÇÊ Ýí ÇáãáÊÞì ÊãËá ÇÕÍÇÈåÇ.
íæÌÏ Ýí ÇáãáÊÞì ÊØæíÑ æÈÑãÌíÇÊ ÎÇÕÉ ÍÞæÞåÇ ÎÇÕÉ ÈÇáãáÊÞì
ãáÊÒãæä ÈÍÐÝ Çí ãÇÏÉ ÝíåÇ ÇäÊåÇß ááÍÞæÞ ÇáÝßÑíÉ ÈÔÑØ ãÑÇÓáÊäÇ ãä ãÇáß ÇáãÇÏÉ Çæ æßíá Úäå