the first page of the second lecture (word)

[kotican]

المحاضرة الثانية بس الصفحة الاولى واحمدوا ربي

انسخ واربح خخخخخ لا حد يكمل انا بجيب الباقي بعدين اااي ياظهري

حظني صرت اشارك في المنتدى بشي

What kind of novel was " Modernist"? The question is less easy to answer than is the case with Modernist poetry . As literary from , the novel is very much younger than poetry, in its modern European form dating from only the beginning of the eighteenth century. Despite the impressive achievements of many European writers in the next century and a half, in the mid-nineteenth century the novel still lacked the cultural esteem traditionally granted to poetry. Extraordinary though it may seem today when the novel has dominated literary practice for so long, Matthew Arnold's seminal Essays in Criticism(1865) completely ignored the novel as a distinct literary form, drawing only on poetry as the appropriate sub ject for worthwhile literary culture . However , from about 1870 some novelists , notably Gustave Flaubert and Henry James,began to formulate ideas about' the art of the novel' , discussing them in essays and reviews. And illustrating them in their own fiction. The emergence of the 'Modernist' novel is not easily distinguished from this initial stage of debate about the intrinsic features of the novel as distinct from poetry and drama .

[kotican]

خلاص بطلت
العملية مجهدة وتاخذ وقت ولا حتى افهم اللي اكتبه خصوصا اني بطيءة في الكتابة
عموما
اللي تبغى تكمل تكملهيه بس المحاضرة الثانية اللي يبغالها وحدة زي بدوية والا هارت ستوري والا الساحر ما شاالله عليهم وكثر الله من امثالهم
والا باقي المحاضرات بور بوينت والحمد لله

[kotican]

يالله ذي اخر مرة عشاني وعدتكم مع نفسي خخخ

Summarising Floubert's aims for the novel, Jonathan Culler(1974,pp.14—16) lists threemain issues:

1- that 'content' was less important than 'style'.

2- that a novel should confront the reader as ' an aesthetic object rather than a communicatve act' .

3- that a novel should contain no identifiable authorial point of view or opinion about its subject, its characters and events: their interpretation was entirely a matter for the reader to work out .

James though more directly concerned than Flaubert with moral issues, proposed comparable goals. Novels should aim at aesthetic unity. Thus the auther, as an overt 'voice' in the novel , should not appear: readers would meet only the various point of view—the attitudes and the judgements—of the characters, and primarily through the 'central intelligence' of one man character: on furthering this aim episodes should be presented in term of 'scenes', rather than merely narrated. Such ideas and practice were extensively adopted by Modernist novelists.

What did this mean in practice ?