محتوى انجليزي كتابه 8 و9 word

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Lecture # 8

Tell a Story
(cont.)
Lecture Components

Personal Narrative (story)
First person pronouns
Transition Words
Organization: a beginning, a middle, and an end
The topic sentence
The supporting sentences
The concluding sentence


Tell a Story: Personal Narrative

- A personal narrative tells a story from the writer’s point of view. It uses the first person (I, my, me, we, our, us).
- It also has a beginning, a middle, and an end.
- In a narrative, the topic sentence introduces the story.
- The supporting sentences tell about the setting, characters, and action.
- The concluding sentence ends the story and tells what it means.


First Person Pronouns

Pronoun
I (subject pronoun)
I had an interesting trip last July.
Me (Object pronoun)
The zookeeper gave me a snake.
My (Adjective pronoun)
My brother held the snake, too.
We (subject pronoun)
We watched an animal show.
Us (Object pronoun)
My father drove us to the zoo.
Our (Adjective pronoun)
It was very close to our home.



A Trip to the Zoo


First Person Pronouns


I had an interesting trip last July. My father, mother, brother, and I went to a new zoo downtown. My father drove us to the zoo. It was very close to our home. We walked around the zoo after we arrived. We saw many animals. Some animals were beautiful. Some animals were funny. I really liked the snakes. I thought they were fascinating. My brother didn’t like them. He thought they were scary. Later on, we watched an animal show. During the show, the zookeeper gave me a snake! I held it for five minutes. It was really heavy, but it was beautiful. Later on, my brother held the snake, too. Now, he doesn’t think they are scary. They are his new favorite animal. In the end, we all had a good time at the zoo.


Time Transition Words

Transition words help to connect ideas. Time transition words tell the reader the order of events in a story.
Examples:
Ahmad studied after he ate lunch. / Ahmad studied before he ate lunch.
Dad and I went fishing. Meanwhile, Mom made our lunch.
After Dad and I went fishing, Mom made our lunch.
Before Dad and I went fishing, Mom made our lunch.
Dad and I went fishing after Mom made our lunch.
While Dad and I went fishing, Mom made our lunch.



Remember from lecture 7 (Time Transition Words)

My family took a trip to New York City. We visited my father’s friends, Mr. and Mrs. Vega. We were very excited before we left. It was our first trip to New York. We flew to New York on Sunday morning. The weather was clear and sunny. The airplane was very comfortable. We arrived at about 3:00 p.m. Mr. and Mrs. Vega met us at the airport. We stayed with Mr. and Mrs. Vega for one week.
We didn’t have much free time during our visit to New York. On Monday, we took the train to Long Beach. We swam and ate watermelon. The next day, we took a ferry and saw the Statue of Liberty. The view was amazing. We had an exciting time. However, one day was especially exciting for Maria. On Friday, we went sightseeing. First, we took a subway into the city. Later on, we took a bus to Central Park. The bus was very crowded. We got off the bus at the park. However, something was strange. Maria wasn’t with us. We looked around and finally we saw her. Maria was on the bus! She didn’t get off. There were too many people. My father ran after the bus. At last, the bus driver stopped and Maria got off. In the end, Maria was safe. She was careful on buses and trains after that.


Time Transition Words

A Trip to the Zoo
I had an interesting trip last July. My father, mother, brother, and I went to a new zoo downtown. My father drove us to the zoo. It was very close to our home. We walked around the zoo after we arrived. We saw many animals. Some animals were beautiful. Some animals were funny. I really liked the snakes. I thought they were fascinating. My brother didn’t like them. He thought they were scary. Later on, we watched an animal show. During the show, the zookeeper gave me a snake! I held it for five minutes. It was really heavy, but it was beautiful. Later on, my brother held the snake, too. Now, he doesn’t think they are scary. They are his new favorite animal. In the end, we all had a good time at the zoo.

Time Transition Words

Look the following words up in an English-English dictionary and use them in examples of your own
after afterwards before
during earlier eventually
First until later
meanwhile next now
once second soon
when then today


The Topic Sentence

The first sentence in a paragraph is a sentence that
names the topic and tells what the paragraph will
explain about the topic. In a narrative essay, the
topic sentence introduces the story
Example: see next slide.

I had an interesting trip last July. My father, mother, brother, and I went to a new zoo downtown. My father drove us to the zoo. It was very close to our home. We walked around the zoo after we arrived. We saw many animals. Some animals were beautiful. Some animals were funny. I really liked the snakes. I thought they were fascinating. My brother didn’t like them. He thought they were scary. Later on, we watched an animal show. During the show, the zookeeper gave me a snake! I held it for five minutes. It was really heavy, but it was beautiful. Later on, my brother held the snake, too. Now, he doesn’t think they are scary. They are his new favorite animal. In the end, we all had a good time at the zoo.


Supporting Sentences

The middle sentences in a paragraph are called the supporting sentences. They give examples or other details about the topic.
In a personal narrative, the supporting sentences tell about the setting, characters, and action.
Example: see next slide.
I had an interesting trip last July. My father, mother, brother, and I went to a new zoo downtown. My father drove us to the zoo. It was very close to our home. We walked around the zoo after we arrived. We saw many animals. Some animals were beautiful. Some animals were funny. I really liked the snakes. I thought they were fascinating. My brother didn’t like them. He thought they were scary. Later on, we watched an animal show. During the show, the zookeeper gave me a snake! I held it for five minutes. It was really heavy, but it was beautiful. Later on, my brother held the snake, too. Now, he doesn’t think they are scary. They are his new favorite animal. In the end, we all had a good time at the zoo.


The Concluding Sentence

The last sentence in a paragraph is called the concluding sentence. It often repeats the topic sentence in different words or summarizes the main points.
In a personal narrative, the concluding sentence ends the story and tells what it means.
Example: see next slide.


The Concluding Sentence

I had an interesting trip last July. My father, mother, brother, and I went to a new zoo downtown. My father drove us to the zoo. It was very close to our home. We walked around the zoo after we arrived. We saw many animals. Some animals were beautiful. Some animals were funny. I really liked the snakes. I thought they were fascinating. My brother didn’t like them. He thought they were scary. Later on, we watched an animal show. During the show, the zookeeper gave me a snake! I held it for five minutes. It was really heavy, but it was beautiful. Later on, my brother held the snake, too. Now, he doesn’t think they are scary. They are his new favorite animal. In the end, we all had a good time at the zoo.



Tell a Story

Tell a story about a trip you took.
Describe the setting and the characters.
Describe the action.
Use transition words
Be sure your story has a beginning (topic sentence), a middle (supporting sentences), and an end (concluding sentence).
See next slide:



A Trip to the Zoo

I had an interesting trip last July. My father, mother, brother, and I went to a new zoo downtown. My father drove us to the zoo. It was very close to our home. We walked around the zoo after we arrived. We saw many animals. Some animals were beautiful. Some animals were funny. I really liked the snakes. I thought they were fascinating. My brother didn’t like them. He thought they were scary. Later on, we watched an animal show. During the show, the zookeeper gave me a snake! I held it for five minutes. It was really heavy, but it was beautiful. Later on, my brother held the snake, too. Now, he doesn’t think they are scary. They are his new favorite animal. In the end, we all had a good time at the zoo.



Tell a Story

My Trip
Setting:
Where did you go?
When did you go?
Characters:
Who did you go with?
Action:
What happened?




Practice

1. My family took a train to Chicago last summer.
A. took train
B. drove a train
C. flew a train
D. Make no change

2. The scary movie was bright.
A. cloudy
B. frightening
C. careful
D. Make no change

3. Later on, we eat lunch at a new café.
A. eats
B. did ate
C. ate
D. Make no change

4. We didn’t swam on our trip.
A. doesn’t swam
B. didn’t swim
C. doesn’t swim
D. Make no change

5. Where do you go last weekend?
A. Where do go
B. Where did you go
C. Where you go
D. Make no change

6. We were on the train all day. It was very nice.
A. It was terrible.
B. It was amazing.
C. It was OK.
D. It was exhausting.


7. My family took last July a trip to Abha.
A. My family took a trip to Abha last July.
B. My family to Abha took a trip last July.
C. Make no change.

8. We took a train Damman to Riyadh.
A. We took a trip from to Dammam Riyadh.
B. We took a trip from Dammam to Riyadh.
C. Make no change

__________________
.

[إيلاف*]

Lecture # 9

WHAT IS A SENTENCE?

Lecture Component

What is a sentence?
Subject and Predicate
Compound subject & compound predicate
Subject – verb agreement
Building sentences
And , or
Combining sentences


WHAT IS REQUIRED IN EVERY SENTENCE?

Not every group of words is a sentence. To be a sentence, a group of words must make a complete thought AND contain:
1. SUBJECT
2. PREDICATE
- My roommate lost his keys.
- My family lives in an apartment.
- I don’t like warm milk or cold coffee.
- We don’t have class on Tuesday.


Compound Subject

The subject can be compound:
Examples:
My sister speaks English well.
My mother and my father speak English well.
My brother, sister, and mother speak English well.


Compound predicate

The verb can be compound:
Examples:
My brother speaks and writes English well.
He laughed and cried at the same time.
She lives and works in Jeddah.
Ahmad and his sister live and work in Jeddah.
We watched TV and had dinner at home.

Transitive Verbs: Subject + Verb + Object

Some verbs require an object. They are called “transitive verbs”:
Subject + verb + object
Ahmad bought a new car.
Khalid and Ahmad had lunch at a restaurant.
Francisco got a shopping cart.
I eat breakfast at 7:00 every morning.


Intransitive verbs: Subject + complement

An intransitive verb is a verb that does not take an object after it.
1. The sun rises in the east.
2. The dog barks.
3. The child has fallen asleep.
4. The tea is hot.
5. She called again and again.
6. She waited for the bus.


Subject-verb Agreement

A singular subject demands a singular verb; a plural subject demands a plural verb. That is the simple principle behind subject-verb agreement.
Things here in Miami are fine.
My friend Salim and I play basketball every day.
My friend plays basketball every day.


Subject-verb Agreement

I _____ classes Monday to Friday from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.
A. have
B. has
2. Francisco _____ his grandmother at 9:00 every Friday.
A. call
B. calls
C. called
3. There _____ a tall, old woman in the park.
A. is
B. are
C. were

BUILDING SENTENCES

1. Ahmad played.
2. Ahmad played tennis.
3. Ahmad played tennis and football.
4. Ahmad and Khalid played tennis and football.
5. Ahmad and Khalid played tennis and football at school.
6. Ahmad and Khalid played tennis and football at school yesterday.
Now try to build more sentences. Start with:
1. Salma ate a sandwich.
2. …………………
3. ………………..
4. ………………..

practice:
Add a predicate to these sentences:
1. My father ____________________
2. My mother ______________
3. Ali and Othman _________________
4. The teacher _______________
5. Francisco and his family _____________

Add a subject to these sentences:
1. _____________ goes shopping every Saturday.
2. _____________went to the supermarket last Friday.
3. _____________ is near my apartment.
4. _____________ don’t buy junk food.
5. _____________ is painting a picture very carefully.




Connecting words: And


And joins two or more similar things in POSITIVE sentences.
Examples:
I like Chinese and Italian food.
We have class on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays.
I speak and write English well.
I speak and write English and Arabic well.


Connecting words: or


1. Or joins two or more similar things in NEGATIVE sentences.
I don’t like warm milk or cold coffee.
We don’t have class on Tuesdays or Thursdays.
I don’t like pizza or hamburgers
2. Or also connects two or more CHOICES or ALTERNATIVES
I would like to go to Jeddah, Abha, or Taif.
My father or my brother will drive me to the airport.
Is this sentence true or false?


Connecting words: (and , or)

Combine each pair of sentences to make one sentence:
1. I like chocolate ice cream. I like coffee ice cream.
I like chocolate ice cream and coffee ice cream.
2. I can speak English. I can understand English.
I can speak and understand English
3. I can’t speak French. I can’t speak Japanese.
I can’t speak French or Japanese.
4. You can eat your pizza here. You can take it home.
You can eat your pizza here or take it home.


Sentence Combining:


I am a famous cartoon animal

1. (A) I am a cartoon animal.
(B) I am famous.
I am a famous cartoon animal. (adjective + noun)
2. (A) I have big ears.
(B) I have black ears.
I have big black ears. (Two adjectives + noun)
3. (A) I always wear red shorts.
(B) I always wear white gloves.
I always wear red shorts and white gloves.
4. (A) I live in a place called Disneyland.
(B) I work in a place called Disneyland.
I live and work in a place called Disneyland.

Practice

1: Dan and Mike went to the store and bought some gum.
Choose the compound subject of the sentence.
A. went to the store
B. and bought some gum
C. Dan and Mike

2: Dan and Mike went to the store and bought some gum.
Choose the compound predicate of the sentence.
A. went to the store and bought some gum
B. Dan and Mike
C. bought some gum

3. Ken went to school. Fred went to school.
A. Ken went to school and Fred went to school.
B. Ken and Fred went to school.
C. Ken, Fred went to school.
4. Harry went to the bathroom. Harry washed his hands.
A. Harry went to the bathroom and washed his hands.
B. Harry went to the bathroom and Harry washed his hands.
C. Harry went to the bathroom, washed his hands.

Choose the sentence with the correct order of words:
1. A. The party everyone left early.
B. Left everyone the party early.
C. Everyone left the party early.
2. A. She home drives after work
B. She drives home after work.
C. Home she drives after work.
3. A. Met my friend I in the park.
B. In the park met my friend I.
C. I met my friend in the park.

__________________

[karar14]

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