ãáÊÞì ØáÇÈ æØÇáÈÇÊ ÌÇãÚÉ Çáãáß ÝíÕá,ÌÇãÚÉ ÇáÏãÇã

ÇáÚæÏÉ   ãáÊÞì ØáÇÈ æØÇáÈÇÊ ÌÇãÚÉ Çáãáß ÝíÕá,ÌÇãÚÉ ÇáÏãÇã > .: ÓÜÇÍÜÉ ÇáÊÚáíã Úä ÈÚÏ (ÇáÇäÊÓÇÈ):. > ãáÊÞì ØáÇÈ ÇáÊÚáíã Úä ÈÚÏ ÌÇãÚÉ Çáãáß ÝíÕá > ßáíÉ ÇáÃÏÇÈ > ÇááÛÉ ÇáÃäÌáíÒíÉ > E6
ÇáÊÓÌíá ÇáßæíÒÇÊÅÖÇÝÉ ßæíÒãæÇÚíÏ ÇáÊÓÌíá ÇáÊÚáíãÜÜÜÇÊ ÇáãÌãæÚÇÊ  

E6 English Literature Students Level six Forum

ãæÖæÚ ãÛáÞ
 
ÃÏæÇÊ ÇáãæÖæÚ
  #1  
ÞÏíã 2014- 4- 28
ÇáÕæÑÉ ÇáÑãÒíÉ Lovelyy
Lovelyy
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÝÜÖÜí
ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáØÇáÈ:
ÇáßáíÉ: ÇáÇÏÇÈ
ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÎÑíÌ ÌÇãÚí
ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáãæÖæÚ:
ÇáãÔÇåÏÇÊ: 39624
ÇáãÔÇÑßÜÇÊ: 442
 
ÇáãáÝ ÇáÔÎÕí:
ÑÞã ÇáÚÖæíÉ : 136974
ÊÇÑíÎ ÇáÊÓÌíá: Tue Feb 2013
ÇáãÔÇÑßÇÊ: 549
ÇáÜÌäÜÜÓ : ÃäÜËÜì
ÚÏÏ ÇáÜäÞÜÇØ : 899
ãÄÔÑ ÇáãÓÊæì: 53
Lovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of light
 ÇáÃæÓãÉ æ ÌæÇÆÒ  ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáÇÊÕÇá ÈÇáÚÖæ  ÇÎÑ ãæÇÖíÚ ÇáÚÖæ
Lovelyy ÛíÑ ãÊæÇÌÏ ÍÇáíÇð
@@ ÊÌãÚ ãÐÇßÑÉ Úáã ÇáãÚÇäí æÇáÈÑÛãÇÊß @@

ÈãÇ Çä ãÇÈÞì ÇáÇ ßã íæã Úáì ÇáÇÎÊÈÇÑÇÊ ÝåäÇ ÈÃÐä Çááå ÑÍ íßæä ÊÌãÚäÇ ááãÐÇßÑÉ

ÑÍ ÇÌãÚ ßá ãÇíÎÕ ÇáãÇÏÉ áãÐÇßÑÉ ÇáÇÎÊÈÇÑ ÚÔÇä ãÇäÍæÓ ÈÇáãæÇÖíÚ

ÇæáÇ ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ ((1 æ8 æ12 ãÍÐæÝÉ ))

ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ ((9 æ14 ÝíåÇ ÊãÇÑíä ãåãÉ ))

äÈÏÇ ÈãÍÊæì ÇáãÇÏÉ
ÇáãáÝÇÊ ÇáãÑÝÞÉ
äæÚ ÇáãáÝ: pdf ãÍÊæì Úáã ÇáãÚÇäí æÇáÈÑÛãÇÊß ÈÏæä ÊÑÌãÉ.pdf‏ (1.14 ãíÌÇÈÇíÊ, ÇáãÔÇåÏÇÊ 502) ÊÍãíá ÇáãáÝÅÖÇÝÉ ÇáãáÝ áãÝÖáÊßÚÑÖ ÇáãáÝ
äæÚ ÇáãáÝ: pdf windows-1256''Úáã ÇáãÚÇäí æÇáÈÑÇÛãÇÊíß ãÊÑÌã.pdf‏ (1.62 ãíÌÇÈÇíÊ, ÇáãÔÇåÏÇÊ 1467) ÊÍãíá ÇáãáÝÅÖÇÝÉ ÇáãáÝ áãÝÖáÊßÚÑÖ ÇáãáÝ
äæÚ ÇáãáÝ: pdf ãÍÊæì Úáã ÇáãÚÇäì æÇáÈÑÛãÇÊß ãÊÑÌã.pdf‏ (7.44 ãíÌÇÈÇíÊ, ÇáãÔÇåÏÇÊ 1741) ÊÍãíá ÇáãáÝÅÖÇÝÉ ÇáãáÝ áãÝÖáÊßÚÑÖ ÇáãáÝ

ÇáÊÚÏíá ÇáÃÎíÑ Êã ÈæÇÓØÉ Lovelyy ; 2014- 4- 28 ÇáÓÇÚÉ 03:44 AM
ÞÏíã 2014- 4- 28   #2
Lovelyy
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÝÜÖÜí
 
ÇáÕæÑÉ ÇáÑãÒíÉ Lovelyy
ÇáãáÝ ÇáÔÎÕí:
ÑÞã ÇáÚÖæíÉ : 136974
ÊÇÑíÎ ÇáÊÓÌíá: Tue Feb 2013
ÇáãÔÇÑßÇÊ: 549
ÇáÜÌäÜÜÓ : ÃäÜËÜì
ÚÏÏ ÇáÜäÞÜÇØ : 899
ãÄÔÑ ÇáãÓÊæì: 53
Lovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of light
ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáØÇáÈ:
ÇáßáíÉ: ÇáÇÏÇÈ
ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÎÑíÌ ÌÇãÚí
 ÇáÃæÓãÉ æ ÌæÇÆÒ  ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáÇÊÕÇá ÈÇáÚÖæ  ÇÎÑ ãæÇÖíÚ ÇáÚÖæ
Lovelyy ÛíÑ ãÊæÇÌÏ ÍÇáíÇð
ÑÏ: @@ ÊÌãÚ ãÐÇßÑÉ Úáã ÇáãÚÇäí æÇáÈÑÛãÇÊß @@

ÇáæÇÌÈÇÊ æÇÓÆáÉ ÇáãÑÇÌÚÉ
ÇáãáÝÇÊ ÇáãÑÝÞÉ
äæÚ ÇáãáÝ: pdf windows-1256''- ÇÓÆáÉ ÇáãÑÇÌÚÉ - Úáã ÇáãÚÇäí.pdf‏ (270.3 ßíáæÈÇíÊ, ÇáãÔÇåÏÇÊ 1665) ÊÍãíá ÇáãáÝÅÖÇÝÉ ÇáãáÝ áãÝÖáÊßÚÑÖ ÇáãáÝ
äæÚ ÇáãáÝ: pdf æÇÌÈÇÊ Úáã ÇáãÚÇäí æÇáÈÑÛãÇÊß.pdf‏ (234.4 ßíáæÈÇíÊ, ÇáãÔÇåÏÇÊ 1605) ÊÍãíá ÇáãáÝÅÖÇÝÉ ÇáãáÝ áãÝÖáÊßÚÑÖ ÇáãáÝ
 
ÞÏíã 2014- 4- 28   #3
Lovelyy
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÝÜÖÜí
 
ÇáÕæÑÉ ÇáÑãÒíÉ Lovelyy
ÇáãáÝ ÇáÔÎÕí:
ÑÞã ÇáÚÖæíÉ : 136974
ÊÇÑíÎ ÇáÊÓÌíá: Tue Feb 2013
ÇáãÔÇÑßÇÊ: 549
ÇáÜÌäÜÜÓ : ÃäÜËÜì
ÚÏÏ ÇáÜäÞÜÇØ : 899
ãÄÔÑ ÇáãÓÊæì: 53
Lovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of light
ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáØÇáÈ:
ÇáßáíÉ: ÇáÇÏÇÈ
ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÎÑíÌ ÌÇãÚí
 ÇáÃæÓãÉ æ ÌæÇÆÒ  ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáÇÊÕÇá ÈÇáÚÖæ  ÇÎÑ ãæÇÖíÚ ÇáÚÖæ
Lovelyy ÛíÑ ãÊæÇÌÏ ÍÇáíÇð
ÑÏ: @@ ÊÌãÚ ãÐÇßÑÉ Úáã ÇáãÚÇäí æÇáÈÑÛãÇÊß @@

ÇÓÆáÉ ÇáÇÎÊÈÇÑÇÊ áÇßËÑ ãä ÓãÓÊÑ æÇíÖÇ ÇÓÆáÉ ÇáÇÎÊÈÇÑ ÇáãÇÖí

ãáÇÍÙÉ (( ÇáÏßÊæÑ ÇÓÆáÊÉ ãÈÇÔÑÉ Úáì Øæá áÇ áÝ æáÇÏæÑÇä åÐÇ ÇáÔí ÈÓåá ÚáíäÇ ÇíÖÇ ÇÓÆáÊÉ ãä ÇáãÍÊæì ))

äÕ ãÇÝíÉ ÊÛííÑ íÚäí Çáí ãÇíÝåã íÞÏÑ íÍÝÖåÇ :s_45:

æÑÍ ÊáÇÍÙæäåÇ Ýí äãÇÐÌ ÇáÇÓÆáÉ
ÇáãáÝÇÊ ÇáãÑÝÞÉ
äæÚ ÇáãáÝ: pdf Pragmatic--ßæãí.pdf‏ (461.0 ßíáæÈÇíÊ, ÇáãÔÇåÏÇÊ 1561) ÊÍãíá ÇáãáÝÅÖÇÝÉ ÇáãáÝ áãÝÖáÊßÚÑÖ ÇáãáÝ
äæÚ ÇáãáÝ: pdf test-great heart.pdf‏ (307.3 ßíáæÈÇíÊ, ÇáãÔÇåÏÇÊ 1385) ÊÍãíá ÇáãáÝÅÖÇÝÉ ÇáãáÝ áãÝÖáÊßÚÑÖ ÇáãáÝ
äæÚ ÇáãáÝ: pdf ÇÓÆáÉ Úáã ÇáÈÑÛãÇÊß 50 ÇÓÄÇá ÇáãÇÖí.pdf‏ (186.9 ßíáæÈÇíÊ, ÇáãÔÇåÏÇÊ 2024) ÊÍãíá ÇáãáÝÅÖÇÝÉ ÇáãáÝ áãÝÖáÊßÚÑÖ ÇáãáÝ
äæÚ ÇáãáÝ: pdf windows-1256''ÇÓÆáÉ ÇáÇÎÊÈÇÑ.pdf‏ (125.9 ßíáæÈÇíÊ, ÇáãÔÇåÏÇÊ 1583) ÊÍãíá ÇáãáÝÅÖÇÝÉ ÇáãáÝ áãÝÖáÊßÚÑÖ ÇáãáÝ
 
ÞÏíã 2014- 4- 28   #4
Lovelyy
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÝÜÖÜí
 
ÇáÕæÑÉ ÇáÑãÒíÉ Lovelyy
ÇáãáÝ ÇáÔÎÕí:
ÑÞã ÇáÚÖæíÉ : 136974
ÊÇÑíÎ ÇáÊÓÌíá: Tue Feb 2013
ÇáãÔÇÑßÇÊ: 549
ÇáÜÌäÜÜÓ : ÃäÜËÜì
ÚÏÏ ÇáÜäÞÜÇØ : 899
ãÄÔÑ ÇáãÓÊæì: 53
Lovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of light
ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáØÇáÈ:
ÇáßáíÉ: ÇáÇÏÇÈ
ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÎÑíÌ ÌÇãÚí
 ÇáÃæÓãÉ æ ÌæÇÆÒ  ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáÇÊÕÇá ÈÇáÚÖæ  ÇÎÑ ãæÇÖíÚ ÇáÚÖæ
Lovelyy ÛíÑ ãÊæÇÌÏ ÍÇáíÇð
ÑÏ: @@ ÊÌãÚ ãÐÇßÑÉ Úáã ÇáãÚÇäí æÇáÈÑÛãÇÊß @@

åäÇ ÔÑÍ ááÇÎ ÇÈæ ÈßÑ æÇÓÆáÉ áßá ÇáãÍÇÖÑÇÊ
 
ÞÏíã 2014- 4- 28   #5
äÓíã*
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ãÜÔÜÇÑß
 
ÇáÕæÑÉ ÇáÑãÒíÉ äÓíã*
ÇáãáÝ ÇáÔÎÕí:
ÑÞã ÇáÚÖæíÉ : 61998
ÊÇÑíÎ ÇáÊÓÌíá: Wed Oct 2010
ÇáãÔÇÑßÇÊ: 3,397
ÇáÜÌäÜÜÓ : ÃäÜËÜì
ÚÏÏ ÇáÜäÞÜÇØ : 794
ãÄÔÑ ÇáãÓÊæì: 91
äÓíã* is a splendid one to beholdäÓíã* is a splendid one to beholdäÓíã* is a splendid one to beholdäÓíã* is a splendid one to beholdäÓíã* is a splendid one to beholdäÓíã* is a splendid one to beholdäÓíã* is a splendid one to behold
ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáØÇáÈ:
ÇáßáíÉ: ÇáÇÏÇÈ
ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: ÅäÌáíÒí
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÎÑíÌ ÌÇãÚí
 ÇáÃæÓãÉ æ ÌæÇÆÒ  ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáÇÊÕÇá ÈÇáÚÖæ  ÇÎÑ ãæÇÖíÚ ÇáÚÖæ
äÓíã* ÛíÑ ãÊæÇÌÏ ÍÇáíÇð
ÑÏ: @@ ÊÌãÚ ãÐÇßÑÉ Úáã ÇáãÚÇäí æÇáÈÑÛãÇÊß @@

ãÇÞÕÑÊí lovely

æãÊÇÈÚíä ãÚÇÇß ÈÞææå
 
ÞÏíã 2014- 4- 28   #6
Lovelyy
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÝÜÖÜí
 
ÇáÕæÑÉ ÇáÑãÒíÉ Lovelyy
ÇáãáÝ ÇáÔÎÕí:
ÑÞã ÇáÚÖæíÉ : 136974
ÊÇÑíÎ ÇáÊÓÌíá: Tue Feb 2013
ÇáãÔÇÑßÇÊ: 549
ÇáÜÌäÜÜÓ : ÃäÜËÜì
ÚÏÏ ÇáÜäÞÜÇØ : 899
ãÄÔÑ ÇáãÓÊæì: 53
Lovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of light
ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáØÇáÈ:
ÇáßáíÉ: ÇáÇÏÇÈ
ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÎÑíÌ ÌÇãÚí
 ÇáÃæÓãÉ æ ÌæÇÆÒ  ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáÇÊÕÇá ÈÇáÚÖæ  ÇÎÑ ãæÇÖíÚ ÇáÚÖæ
Lovelyy ÛíÑ ãÊæÇÌÏ ÍÇáíÇð
ÑÏ: @@ ÊÌãÚ ãÐÇßÑÉ Úáã ÇáãÚÇäí æÇáÈÑÛãÇÊß @@

åäÇ ÔÑæÍÇÊ ÈÇáÝíÏíæ Ýí åÇáãæÖæÚ
http://www.ckfu.org/vb/t576763.html
æåäÇ

http://www.ckfu.org/vb/t575548.html

åäÇ ÇíÖÇ

http://www.ckfu.org/vb/t448572.html
 
ÞÏíã 2014- 4- 28   #7
Lovelyy
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÝÜÖÜí
 
ÇáÕæÑÉ ÇáÑãÒíÉ Lovelyy
ÇáãáÝ ÇáÔÎÕí:
ÑÞã ÇáÚÖæíÉ : 136974
ÊÇÑíÎ ÇáÊÓÌíá: Tue Feb 2013
ÇáãÔÇÑßÇÊ: 549
ÇáÜÌäÜÜÓ : ÃäÜËÜì
ÚÏÏ ÇáÜäÞÜÇØ : 899
ãÄÔÑ ÇáãÓÊæì: 53
Lovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of light
ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáØÇáÈ:
ÇáßáíÉ: ÇáÇÏÇÈ
ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÎÑíÌ ÌÇãÚí
 ÇáÃæÓãÉ æ ÌæÇÆÒ  ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáÇÊÕÇá ÈÇáÚÖæ  ÇÎÑ ãæÇÖíÚ ÇáÚÖæ
Lovelyy ÛíÑ ãÊæÇÌÏ ÍÇáíÇð
ÑÏ: @@ ÊÌãÚ ãÐÇßÑÉ Úáã ÇáãÚÇäí æÇáÈÑÛãÇÊß @@

ÑÍ ÇÍÇæá ÇÔÑÍ ÇáãÍÇÖÑÇÊ Çáí ÝåãÊåÇ æÇáí íÈÛí íÔÑÍ ãÚÇí æíÔÇÑßäí ÍíÇÉ Çááå
ÈÓã Çááå ÈÈÏÇ ÈÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ ÇáËÇäíÉ ÈãÇ Çä ÇáÇæáì ãÍÐæÝÉ

ÇáÌÒÁ ÇáÇæá ãä ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ åæ ( ÇáãÚäì )
(Sense ) æáÉ ÊÚÑÝííä

deals with the relationships inside the language. 1

2 of an expression is its place in a system of semantic relationships with other expressions in the language

åäÇ ãËÇá Úáì ÇáãÚäì Çáí åí ßáãÉ bank
äáÇÍÙ ÇáßáãÉ Ýí ÇáÌãáÊíä áåÇ ãÚäííä ãÎÊáÝÉ Çáí åí different sense)) Ýí ÇáãËÇá ÇáÇæá ãÚäÇåÇ (Èäß)ÚäÏí ÍÓÇÈ Ýí ÇáÈäß Ýí ÇáËÇäíÉ ÇÎÊáÝ ãÚäì (Èäß ) ÇÎÐäÇ ÇáÞÇÑÈ ááÌåÉ ÇáÇÎÑì ãä ÇáäåÑ Çæ ÇáÖÝÉ åäÇ äÝÓ ÇáßáãÉ æÊÛíÑ ãÚäåÇ Ýí ßá ãËÇá
“I have an account at the bank.”

“We took the boat to the other bank of the river.”
äÝÓ ÇáÔí íäØÈÞ Úáì ÇáÌãá åäÇ ÇáÌãáÉ ÊÞæá ÇáÏÌÇÌ ÌÇåÒ ááÇßá íÚØíäÇ ÇËäíä ãÚäÇäì ãÎÊáÝÉ ããßä Êßæä ÇáÏÌÇÌ ÌÇåÒÉ ÚÔÇä äÇßáåÇ Çæ ããßä Êßæä ÌÇåÒÉ ÚÔÇä åí ÊÇßá ÇÐÇ åäÇ (tow different sense)
The chicken is ready to eat.”
åäÇ Ýí åÐíä ÇáãËÇáíä ÇáÚßÓ ÇáßáãÉ áåÇ äÝÓ ÇáãÚäì Çä ÑæÈÑÊ ÎáÚ ÇáÌÇßíÊ íÚäì (same sense)
“Rupert took off his jacket.”
“Rupert took his jacket off
 
ÞÏíã 2014- 4- 28   #8
Lovelyy
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÝÜÖÜí
 
ÇáÕæÑÉ ÇáÑãÒíÉ Lovelyy
ÇáãáÝ ÇáÔÎÕí:
ÑÞã ÇáÚÖæíÉ : 136974
ÊÇÑíÎ ÇáÊÓÌíá: Tue Feb 2013
ÇáãÔÇÑßÇÊ: 549
ÇáÜÌäÜÜÓ : ÃäÜËÜì
ÚÏÏ ÇáÜäÞÜÇØ : 899
ãÄÔÑ ÇáãÓÊæì: 53
Lovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of light
ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáØÇáÈ:
ÇáßáíÉ: ÇáÇÏÇÈ
ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÎÑíÌ ÌÇãÚí
 ÇáÃæÓãÉ æ ÌæÇÆÒ  ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáÇÊÕÇá ÈÇáÚÖæ  ÇÎÑ ãæÇÖíÚ ÇáÚÖæ
Lovelyy ÛíÑ ãÊæÇÌÏ ÍÇáíÇð
ÑÏ: @@ ÊÌãÚ ãÐÇßÑÉ Úáã ÇáãÚÇäí æÇáÈÑÛãÇÊß @@

ÇáÌÒÁ ÇáËÇäí ãä ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ (ÇáãÑÌÚ Reference
ÊÚÇÑíÝ

Reference deals with the relationship between the language and the world
Reference is a relationship between parts of a language (words and phrases) and things outside the language (in the world).

ÇáãÑÌÚ áÉ ÞÓãííä (ÇæáÇ) ÇáÊÚÈíÑ ÇáãÑÌÚí ÇáãÑÌÚ ÇáÊÚÈíÑí ( ËÇäíÇ )ÇáãÑÌÚ äÝÓÉ Çáí åæ ÇáÔí Çæ ÇáÔÎÕ Çáí ÊÑÌÚ áÉ ÇáßáãÉ
A referring expression is any expression used in an utterance to refer to something or someone.
A referent is the person or thing in the world speakers refer to by using a referring expression.
The relation between a referring expression and a referent is what we call reference

ãËÇá
“this book
åäÇ íÞæá åÐÇ ÇáßÊÇÈ ÈÓ ãÇÏÏ ßÊÇÈ ÇíÔ íÚäí äÞæá áÉ (ãÑÇÌÚ ãÎÊáÝÉ )
different referent))
åäÇ ßáãÉ ÇáÑíÇÖ æßáãÉ ÚÇÕãÉ ÇáããáßÉ ßáåÇ áåÇ äÝÓ ÇáãÚäì ÈÓ ÇÎÊáÝ ÇáÊÚÈíÑ ÇÐÇ äÞæá ÚäåÇ (äÝÓ ÇáãÑÌÚ)
“Riyadh” and “the capital of Saudi Arabia
same referent )

ãáÇÍÙÉ ßá ÊÚÈíÑ ãÚäì áÉ ãÚäì ÈÓ ãÇßá ãÚäÇ áÉ ãÑÌÚ ãËÇá

. Every meaningful expression has sense, but not every meaningful expression has reference.
e.g. The words “almost”, “if” and “probable” have sense, but they do not refer to a thing in the world

ÇíÔ ãÚäÇ åÐÇ ÇáÔí Çä ßáãÉ (almost”, “if” and “probable) áåÇ ãÚäì ÈÓ ãÇáåÇ ãÑÌÚ ãÇÊÑÌÚ áÔí Çæ ÔÎÕ ãÚíä Ýí ÇáÚÇáã
ÇäÊåÊ ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ
 
ÞÏíã 2014- 4- 28   #9
Lovelyy
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÝÜÖÜí
 
ÇáÕæÑÉ ÇáÑãÒíÉ Lovelyy
ÇáãáÝ ÇáÔÎÕí:
ÑÞã ÇáÚÖæíÉ : 136974
ÊÇÑíÎ ÇáÊÓÌíá: Tue Feb 2013
ÇáãÔÇÑßÇÊ: 549
ÇáÜÌäÜÜÓ : ÃäÜËÜì
ÚÏÏ ÇáÜäÞÜÇØ : 899
ãÄÔÑ ÇáãÓÊæì: 53
Lovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of lightLovelyy is a glorious beacon of light
ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáØÇáÈ:
ÇáßáíÉ: ÇáÇÏÇÈ
ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÎÑíÌ ÌÇãÚí
 ÇáÃæÓãÉ æ ÌæÇÆÒ  ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáÇÊÕÇá ÈÇáÚÖæ  ÇÎÑ ãæÇÖíÚ ÇáÚÖæ
Lovelyy ÛíÑ ãÊæÇÌÏ ÍÇáíÇð
ÑÏ: @@ ÊÌãÚ ãÐÇßÑÉ Úáã ÇáãÚÇäí æÇáÈÑÛãÇÊß @@

ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ ÇáËÇáËÉ ÇáÚáÇÞÇÊ ÇáÊÈÇÏáíÉ æÇáÊÊÇÈÚíÉ

Paradigmatic relations are those into which a linguistic unit enters through being

contrasted or substitutable, in a particular environment, with other similar units. (vertical relation) ÇáÚáÇÞÉ ÇáÇÓÊÈÏÇáíÉ
Syntagmatic relations are those into which a linguistic unit enters by its co-occurrence with other units. (horizontal relation ÇáÚáÇÞÉ ÇáÊÊÇÈÚíÉ
Semantic Fields ÇáÍÞæá ÇáÏáÇáíÉ æåí ÇßËÑ ãä æÇÍÏ
ÇæáÇ ÊÚÑíÝ A semantic field contains a group of words which are related in their meaning
åäÇ ãËÇáíä ÊæÖÍ Çä ÇáÍÞæá ÇáÏáÇáíÉ åí ÚáÇÞÉ ÊÈÇÏáíÉ ãËá ÇíÇã ÇáÇÓÈæÚ ããßä äÈÏáåÇ ÈßáãÉ ÇíÇã ÇáÇÓÈæÚ æÇáãËÇá ÇáËÇäí ÚäÏäÇ ßáãÉ ÍæÊ ããßä äÈÏáåÇ ÈãÎáæÞ Íí Çæ ÍíæÇä ÈÍÑí ÇæÍíæÇä
“Saturday”, “Sunday”, “Monday
“whale” can be a member of the following semantic fields: “living creatures”, “animals” and “sea animals
ÊÞÓíãÇÊ ÍÞá ÇáÏáÇáÉ
dividing up a semantic field.
Êßæä ÛíÑ ãÊæÇÝÞÉ It was on Saturday that she went there ãËÇá
Incompatible))
åäÇ ÞÇá ÇáÓÈÊ ãÇÞÇá Ãí íæã ÇÎÑ ãä ÇáÇÓÈæÚ ÞÇá ÇáÓÈÊ ÈÓ ããßä íßæä ÑÇÍÊ ÇíÖÇ Ýí íæã ÇáÇËäíä ÈÓ ãä ÇáÔåÑ ÇÎÑ ãÇåæ ãä äÝÓ ÇáÇÓÈæÚ ÇÐÇ åäÇ ÊÚÇÑÖ Èíä ÇáÓÈÊ æÇáÇËäíä “Saturday” and “Monday” are incompatible
æÇããßä Êßæä ãÎáØÉ mixtures).)
ãËÇá “ red-green”, “orange-red”.. etc. Êßæä ÇÍãÑ ÈÎÖÑ Çæ ÈÑÊÞÇáí ÇÍãÑ íÚäí ãÎáæØÉ
(Ç clear)Çæ æÇÖÍ
ãËÇá “rabbit” and “tiger” is very clear ÇáÝÑÞ Èíä ÇáÇÑäÈ æÇáäãÑ æÇÖÍ
'order)) ÈÚÖ ÇáãÌãæÚÇÊ Êßæä ãäÙãÉ ãËá ÇáÇÔåÑ æÇáÇíÇã Êßæä ÇáÚáÇÞÉ ãäÙãÉ ÇæãÊÊÇÈÚÉ ãÇäÞÏÑ äÞÏã ÔåÑ Úä ÇáÇÎÑ æÇáÇíÇã äÝÓ ÇáÔí
æÈÚÏ ÇáÊäÙíã äÝÓÉ íßæä ãÎÊáÝ ÚäÏäÇ (“natural order) ÊäÙíã æÊäÙíã ØÈíÚí ãËÇá áãÇ äÞæá inch, foot and yard ÇáäÙÇã åäÇ ãä ÇáÇÕÛÑ ááÇßÈÑ ãËá ÈæÕÉ æÞÏã æãÓÇÍÉ ÇíÖÇ äÝÓ ÇáÔí Ýí ÇáÇÑÞÇã ãËá one, two, three, etc

ÇäÊåÊ ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ ÇáËÇáËÉ
 
ÞÏíã 2014- 4- 28   #10
ÏãæÚ ãÈÍæÍÉ
ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí äÜÜÔÜØ
 
ÇáÕæÑÉ ÇáÑãÒíÉ ÏãæÚ ãÈÍæÍÉ
ÇáãáÝ ÇáÔÎÕí:
ÑÞã ÇáÚÖæíÉ : 135847
ÊÇÑíÎ ÇáÊÓÌíá: Wed Feb 2013
ÇáãÔÇÑßÇÊ: 194
ÇáÜÌäÜÜÓ : ÃäÜËÜì
ÚÏÏ ÇáÜäÞÜÇØ : 876
ãÄÔÑ ÇáãÓÊæì: 49
ÏãæÚ ãÈÍæÍÉ will become famous soon enoughÏãæÚ ãÈÍæÍÉ will become famous soon enoughÏãæÚ ãÈÍæÍÉ will become famous soon enoughÏãæÚ ãÈÍæÍÉ will become famous soon enoughÏãæÚ ãÈÍæÍÉ will become famous soon enoughÏãæÚ ãÈÍæÍÉ will become famous soon enoughÏãæÚ ãÈÍæÍÉ will become famous soon enough
ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáØÇáÈ:
ÇáßáíÉ: ÌÇãÚÉ ÝíÕá
ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ: ÇäÊÓÇÈ
ÇáÊÎÕÕ: áÛÉ ÇäÌáíÒíÉ
ÇáãÓÊæì: ÇáãÓÊæì ÇáÓÇÏÓ
 ÇáÃæÓãÉ æ ÌæÇÆÒ  ÈíÇäÇÊ ÇáÇÊÕÇá ÈÇáÚÖæ  ÇÎÑ ãæÇÖíÚ ÇáÚÖæ
ÏãæÚ ãÈÍæÍÉ ÛíÑ ãÊæÇÌÏ ÍÇáíÇð
ÑÏ: @@ ÊÌãÚ ãÐÇßÑÉ Úáã ÇáãÚÇäí æÇáÈÑÛãÇÊß @@

ãÇÔÇÁ Çááå Úáíß ÕÑÇÍÉ ÔÑÍ ããÊÚ æÌãíá æãÇåí ÛÑíÈÉ Úáíß ãæÇÖíÚß æãÔÇÑßÊß ÏÇÆãÇ ãÊãíÒÉ ãä ÇáÇÊÑÇã ÇáÓÇÈÞÉ
 
ãæÖæÚ ãÛáÞ

ãæÇÞÚ ÇáäÔÑ (ÇáãÝÖáÉ)

« ÇáãæÖæÚ ÇáÓÇÈÞ | ÇáãæÖæÚ ÇáÊÇáí »

ÇáÐíä íÔÇåÏæä ãÍÊæì ÇáãæÖæÚ ÇáÂä : 1 ( ÇáÃÚÖÇÁ 0 æÇáÒæÇÑ 1)
 

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