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ÃÏæÇÊ ÇáãæÖæÚ |
2015- 11- 19
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#81 |
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ããíÒÉ ãÓÊæì 8 E
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ÑÏ: ãÐÇßÑÉ ÌãÇÚíÉ (ÇáäÍæ æÇáÕÑÝ) ááÃÓÊÇÐ ÚÈÏÇáÑÍíã ÌãÇÑí ง'̀-'́)ง)
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. Çã ØáÇá íÇ ÞáÈí ÚÇÏí ÊÑì ßáäÇ äÍÝÑ åååååååå ÃäÇ áí ËáÇË ÇíÇã ÃÍÝÑ Êæ ÎáÕÊ ÇáËÇáËÉ ÏÎáÊ Ú ÇáÑÇÈÚÉ ÃÞæá íÇÑÈí æÔ ÐÇ åååååååååååå ÇáãÇÏÉ ÌãããíáÉ ÈÓ åæ ßËÑ ÚáíäÇ Çááå íÕáÍå . |
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2015- 11- 19
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#82 |
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ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí äÜÜÔÜØ
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ÑÏ: ãÐÇßÑÉ ÌãÇÚíÉ (ÇáäÍæ æÇáÕÑÝ) ááÃÓÊÇÐ ÚÈÏÇáÑÍíã ÌãÇÑí ง'̀-'́)ง)
æÇááå íÇßÇÑÒãÇ ÇáÌãÇá íãíä æåÇáãÇÏå æÏßÊæÑåÇ íÓÇÇÇÑ ãäÚæÌ ÈÚÏ ÈÓ Çááå íÎáÕäÇ ãäå
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2015- 11- 20
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#83 |
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ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÐåÜÈÜí
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ÑÏ: ãÐÇßÑÉ ÌãÇÚíÉ (ÇáäÍæ æÇáÕÑÝ) ááÃÓÊÇÐ ÚÈÏÇáÑÍíã ÌãÇÑí ง'̀-'́)ง)
ÈäÇÊ ÈäÇÊ íÚäí ÇáãáÎÕÕÕÕÇÊ ßáåÇÇÇ Ðí ÞÏíãåååå áÇäå ÏßÊæÑ ÌÏíÏ æãáÎÕÕ ÌÏíÏ ßíÝ äÝÊÍ ÇáÞÏíãå æÇÎÑ ÇÎÊÈÇÑ áå ßÇä ãä ÞÏíã ãæ ãä ÕÇáÍäÇ äÐÇßÑ ÇáÞÏíã Çæ ãÏí äÓÇá ÇáÏßÊæÑ æÍÏå ÊÝÒÒÚ
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2015- 11- 20
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#84 |
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ããíÒÉ ãÓÊæì 8 E
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ÑÏ: ãÐÇßÑÉ ÌãÇÚíÉ (ÇáäÍæ æÇáÕÑÝ) ááÃÓÊÇÐ ÚÈÏÇáÑÍíã ÌãÇÑí ง'̀-'́)ง)
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. ÇáÏßÊæÑ áå ãáÎÕ æÌæÏ ÈÇáæá ÇáãæÖæÚ ÇÍäÇ ËÇäí ÏÝÚÉ ÚäÏå . |
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2015- 11- 20
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#85 |
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ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí ÃáÜãÜÇÓÜí
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ÑÏ: ãÐÇßÑÉ ÌãÇÚíÉ (ÇáäÍæ æÇáÕÑÝ) ááÃÓÊÇÐ ÚÈÏÇáÑÍíã ÌãÇÑí ง'̀-'́)ง)
ÇáÓáÇã Úáíßã æÑÍãÉ Çááå æÈÑßÇÊå :
 ßá ÇáÔßÑ áãÓ íæäÜ .. Úáì ÊÑÊíÈåÜ ÇáÌãíá , Çááå íæÝÞß æíÓÚÏ ÞáÈß íÇÑÈ ,  æÔßÑÇ ãä ßá ÞáÈí áßá Çáí ÊÚÈ æÌãÚ ÇáÇÔíÇÁ ÇáãÝíÏÉ áäÜ ..  ÑÈí áÇÊÍÑãåã ÇáÇÌÑ , æíÇÑÈ íæÝÞßã ÈÃÚáì ÇáÏÑÌÇÊ æíÓåáåÜ Úáíßãã ..   ßÇÑÒãÇ , ÏæÑíãí äæÑÉ ... æßá ÇáÕÈÇíÇ Çáí ÃÝÇÏæäÇ åäÜ .. ÑÈí íæÝÞßã æíÓåá Úáíßã  æÊæäí Çáíæã ÃãÓß ÇáäÍæ , æäÞæá ÈÓã Çááå æíÇÑÈ ÊÓåáå ..   Êæßáä Úáì Çááå ,  íÇÑÈ íßæä Ìãíá .. 
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ÇáÊÚÏíá ÇáÃÎíÑ Êã ÈæÇÓØÉ Hend Alqahtani ; 2015- 11- 20 ÇáÓÇÚÉ 02:29 PM |
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2015- 11- 20
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#86 |
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ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí äÜÜÔÜØ
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ÑÏ: ãÐÇßÑÉ ÌãÇÚíÉ (ÇáäÍæ æÇáÕÑÝ) ááÃÓÊÇÐ ÚÈÏÇáÑÍíã ÌãÇÑí ง'̀-'́)ง)
ÃäÇ äÒáÊ ÇáãÇÏÉ ÇáÊÑã Çááí ØÇÝ æÐÇßÑÊ ÇáãÍÊæì ÇáÌÏíÏ ÍÞå ãä ÞáááÈ ÞáááÈí
æÂÎÑÊå ÌÇÈ ÇáÃÓÆáÉ ãä ÇÎÊÈÇÑ ÇáÏßÊæÑ Çááí ÞÈáå :d æÍãáÊ ÇáãÇÏÉ æÈÎÊÈÑåÇ åÇáÊÑã :d áÐáß ÇÑÌÚæ áÃÓÆáÉ æãÍÊæì ÇáÏßÊæÑ Çááí ÞÈáå áÇ ÊÚÊãÏæä Úáíå ÃÈÏðÇ |
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2015- 11- 20
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#87 |
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ÃßÜÇÏíÜãÜí äÜÜÔÜØ
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ÑÏ: ãÐÇßÑÉ ÌãÇÚíÉ (ÇáäÍæ æÇáÕÑÝ) ááÃÓÊÇÐ ÚÈÏÇáÑÍíã ÌãÇÑí ง'̀-'́)ง)
ÃäÇ äÒáÊ ÇáãÇÏÉ ÇáÊÑã Çááí ØÇÝ æÐÇßÑÊ ÇáãÍÊæì ÇáÌÏíÏ ÍÞå ãä ÞáááÈ ÞáááÈí
æÂÎÑÊå ÌÇÈ ÇáÃÓÆáÉ ãä ÇÎÊÈÇÑ ÇáÏßÊæÑ Çááí ÞÈáå  æÍãáÊ ÇáãÇÏÉ æÈÎÊÈÑåÇ åÇáÊÑã áÐáß ÇÑÌÚæ áÃÓÆáÉ æãÍÊæì ÇáÏßÊæÑ Çááí ÞÈáå áÇ ÊÚÊãÏæä Úáíå ÃÈÏðÇ |
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ÇáÊÚÏíá ÇáÃÎíÑ Êã ÈæÇÓØÉ hessah.f ; 2015- 11- 20 ÇáÓÇÚÉ 03:42 PM |
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2015- 11- 20
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#88 |
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ããíÒÉ ãÓÊæì 8 E
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ÔÑÍ fix ááãÍÇÖÑÉ ÇáÃæáì
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. ÇáÓáÇã Úáíßã æÑÍãÉ Çááå æÈÑßÇÊÉ Words are important: basic units of language Unlike phonemes and syllables, words carry meaning ÇáßáãÇÊ ãåãÉ ÇáæÍÏÇÊ ÇáÃÓÇÓíÉ ááÛÉ ÎáÇÝÇ ááÕæÊíÇÊ æÇáãÞÇØÚ¡ ÇáßáãÇÊ ÊÍãá ãÚäì Unlike sentences, which are forgotten soon after we produce them, words are stored in a speaker's mental dictionary or lexicon. Words are the fundament building blocks of language. ÎáÇÝÇ ááÌãá ÇáÊí íÊã äÓíÇä ÞÑíÈÇ ÈÚÏ Ãä ääÊÌ áåã¡ íÊã ÊÎÒíä ÇáßáãÇÊ Ýí ÇáÞÇãæÓ ÇáÚÞáí ÃÍÏ ÇáãÊßáãíä Ãæ ÇáãÚÌã. ÇáßáãÇÊ åí áÈäÇÊ ÈäÇÁ ÑßíÒÉ ááÛÉ. Native speakers of English know thousands of words such as read, language, computer, on, whose meaning and form cannot be predicted. However, once they know the meaning of phish (obtain sensitive information via email fraudulently), they can recognize and construct words such as: phished, phisher, phishing, and unphishable. ÇáäÇØÞíä ÈÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ íÚÑÝæä ÂáÇÝ ÇáßáãÇÊ ãËá ÇáÞÑÇÁÉ¡ æÇááÛÉ¡ æÇáßãÈíæÊÑ¡ãÚäÇð æÔßáÇð áÇ íãßä ÇáÊäÈÄ Èå. æãÚ Ðáß¡ ãÌÑÏ ÐßÑ ßáãÉ ÝíÔ ¡ ÝÅäåÇ íãßä Ãä ÊÚÊÑÝ ÚáíåÇ æãÕÇÏÑåÇ ãËá Thus, MORPHOLOGY is that component of the grammar which studies the structure of words to account for the knowledge that native speakers have about their own language. æåßÐÇ¡ ãæÑÝæáæÌíÇ (ÇáÕÑÝ) åæÇáÐí íÏÑÓ ÈäíÉ ÇáßáãÇÊ áÍÓÇÈ ÇáãÚÑÝÉ ÇáäÇØÞíä ÈáÛÊåã ÇáÎÇÕÉ. Native speakers know how to segment a string of sounds into words when they write, for instance, so then: What is a word? How can it be defined? ÇáäÇØÞíä ÈÇááÛÉ ÇáÃäÌáíÒíÉ íÚÑÝæä ßíÝíÉ ÊÞÓíã ÓáÓáÉ ãä ÇáÃÕæÇÊ Åáì ßáãÇÊ ÚäÏãÇ íßÊÈæä¡ Úáì ÓÈíá ÇáãËÇá¡ ÍÊì Ðáß ÇáÍíä:ãÇ åí ßáãÉ¿ ßíÝ íãßä ÊÚÑíÝ¿ Linguists define the word as the smallest free form in a language. ÊÚÑíÝ ÇááÛæííä ÇáßáãÉ ßÔßá ÍÑ ÃÕÛÑ Ýí áÛÉ. This means that it can occur alone and in different positions in the sentence as well : æåÐÇ íÚäí Ãäå íãßä Ãä ÊÍÏË æÍÏåÇ æÝí ãäÇÕÈ ãÎÊáÝÉ Ýí ÇáÌãáÉ¡ æßÐáß: (1) A: What creatures do children find most fascinating? B: Dinosaurs. (2) Paleontologists study dinosaurs Dinosaurs are studied by paleontologists * Dinosaur is –s extinct (-s is NOT a free form) ßáãÉ Dinosaur ßáãÉ ÍÑÉ ÛíÑ ãÑÊÈØÉ íÚäì Free ãÌÑÏ ÇÑÊÈÇØåÇ ÈÜ s ÇÕÈÍÊ ÛíÑ ÍÑÉ Çí bound æåÐÇ ãÇÓäÊÚáãÉ ÈÚÏ ßÐÇ ÇáÕÑÝ MORPHEMES Like syllables and sentences, words have an internal structure which consists of one or more morphemes. ÇáÕÑÝíÉ ãËá ÇáãÞÇØÚ æÇáÌãá æÇáßáãÇÊ áåÇ Çáåíßá ÇáÏÇÎáí ÇáÐí íÊßæä ãä æÇÍÏ Ãæ ÃßËÑ ãä ÊÕÑíÝ. A Morpheme is the smallest unit of language that carries meaning. æÇáÕÑÝ åæ ÃÕÛÑ æÍÏÉ ÇááÛÉ ÇáÊí ÊÍãá ãÚäì. For example: Builder is made up of build ( construct) and –er (one who builds) Houses is made up of house (dwelling) and –s (more than one ßáãÉ Builder ãßæäÉ Çæ ãÈäíÉ ãä ÌÒÆíä Build + er æÊÚäí ÇáÔÎÕ ÇáÐí íÞæã ÈÇáÈäÇÁ æßÐáß ßáãÉ Houses ãßæäÉ ãä house + S æÊÚäí ÇáÚÏíÏ ãä ÇáãäÇÒá One-morpheme word is said to be simple and two or more morpheme words are said to be complex. Ex: and, hunt, hunt-er, hunt-er-s. ßáãÉ ÕÑÝíå æÇÍÏÉ ÊÞÇá Ãä Êßæä ÈÓíØÉ æÇËäíä Ãæ ÃßËÑ ãä ÇáßáãÇÊ ÇáÕÑÝ íÞÇá Ãä Êßæä ãÚÞÏÉ hunt, hunt+er hunter , hunt -er +s hunters. Free and bound morphemes ÇáÕÑÝ ÍÑÇð æãÑÊÈØÇð A morpheme can be either free, when it can stand alone, or bound, when it must be attached to another one. Ex: boy vs -s ÇáÕÑÝ íãßä Ãä ÍÑå ÚäÏãÇ íãßä Ãä ÊÞÝ æÍÏåÇ¡ Ãæ ãÑÊÈØÉ ÚäÏãÇ íÌÈ Ãä ÊÊÕá ãÚ æÇÍÏÉ ÇÎÑì ãËÇá ßáãÉ ÕÈí boy vs –s A free morpheme in English can be bound in a different language æÇáÕÑÝ ÇáÍÑÉ Ýí ÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ ÈÅãßÇäåÇ ÇáÅÑÊÈÇØ ÈÃí áÛÉ ãÎÊáÝÉ Úáì ÓÈíá ÇáãËÇá Ex: head and *fi (in Athapaskan, an Amerindian language). In this language, this morpheme is bound, sefi, meaning my head. ãËÇá ßáãÉ head ÍÑÉ ÚäÏãÇ ÊÑÊÈØ ÈÜ ááÛÉ ÇÎÑì ãËá áÛÉ ÇáåäæÏ ÇáÍãÑ ßßáãÉ Sefi æãÚäÇåÇ ÑÃÓí æåí ÔÞíä Çí ãÑÊÈØÉ bound ______ Conversely, a bound morpheme in English can be free in other languages. Úáì ÇáÚßÓ ãä Ðáß¡ æåæ ÇáÕÑÝ ãÞíÏ Ýí ÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ íãßä Çä íßæä ÍÑÇ Ýí áÛÇÊ ÃÎÑì. Úáì ÓÈíá ÇáãËÇá Ex, played ßáãÉ ÈÇáÒãä ÇáãÇÖí ãÞÇÈáåÇ thaan leew äÝÓ ÇáßáãÉ ÈÇáÒãä ÇáãÇÖí ÈÇááÛÉ ÇáÊÇíáäÏíÉ áÇßä ÍÑÉ æáã ÊÑÊÈØ ÈÜ ÇáßáãÉ Allomorphs Allomorphs are the variant forms of a morpheme. Allomorphs, äÝÓ ÇáãæÑÝíã áÇßä Ôßá ãÎÊáÝ . Example 1: the indefinite article in English has two variants: ãËÇá 1: ÇáäßÑÉ Ýí ÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ áåÇ ÇËäíä ãä ÇáãÊÛíÑÇÊ: when preceding a word that begins with a consonant a book ÊÈÏà ÈÍÑÝ ÓÇßä a æÚäÏãÇ ÊÓÈÞ ÇáßáãÉ ÇáÊí ÊÈÏà ÈÍÑÝ ÓÇßä (ßÊÇÈ) and an when preceding a word that begins with a vowel ( an orange ). ãÊì ÓÈÞÊ ßáãÉ ÊÈÏà ÈÍÑÝ ÚáÉ ãËá ßáãÉ(ÈÑÊÞÇá) Example 2: The plural morpheme –s has 3 pronunciations: [s], [z], and [əz] as in cats, d ogs, judges , respectively. ãËÇá 2 ãÑÝíã ÇáÌãÚ - s –ÞÏ ÇáäØÞ 3: [s], [z]¡ æ [əz] ßãÇ åæ ÇáÍÇá Ýí ÇáÞØØ¡ ÇáßáÇÈ¡ æÇáÞÖÇÉ¡ Úáì ÇáÊæÇáí. Do not confuse spelling changes with allomorphic variation . Ex : e in create and ride is dropped in creat-ive and rid-ing. On the other hand, there is allomorphy in electric / electric-ity and impress / impression, where the pronunciation changes but not the spelling. [k] => [s] and [s] => [sh] áÇ ÊÎáØ Èíä ÇáÊÛííÑÇÊ ÇáÅãáÇÆíÉ ãÚ ÇÎÊáÇÝ allomorphic. ãËÇáÇð e Ýí ßáãÊíä create and ride Çä ÊÓÞØåÇ Ýí ßáãÊíä ÝÊÕÈÍ creat-ive and rid-ing ãä ÌÇäÈ ÂÎÑ ,,, åäÇß allomorphy Ýí electric / electric-ity and impress / impression, where the ÍíË íÊÛíÑ ÇáäØÞ æáßä áíÓ ÇáÊÏÞíÞ ÇáÅãáÇÆí. . [k] => [s] and [s] => [sh  |
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2015- 11- 20
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#89 |
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ããíÒÉ ãÓÊæì 8 E
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Ê / ÔÑÍ fix
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. ANALYSING WORD STRUCTURE To identify the internal structure of words, we need not only to identify the component morphemes but also to classify them according to their contribution to the meaning and function of the word ÊÍáíá ÈäíÉ ÇáßáãÉ åíßá áÊÍÏíÏ ÇáÈäíÉ ÇáÏÇÎáíÉ ááßáãÇÊ¡ äÍä ÈÍÇÌÉ áíÓ ÝÞØ ÊÍÏíÏ äÓãí ÚäÇÕÑ ÇáÕÑÝ æáßä ÃíÖÇ ÊÕäíÝåã æÝÞÇ áãÓÇåãÊåÇ Ýí ãÚäì ææÙíÝÉ ÇáßáãÉ. Roots and affixes: Complex words consist of a root morpheme and one or more affixes. ÇáÌÐæÑ æÇááÇÍÞÇÊ:ßáãÇÊ ãÚÞÏÉ ÊÊßæä ãä ãÑÝíã ÇáÌÐÑ æÇÍÏ Ãæ ÃßËÑ ÇááÇÍÞÇÊ. The root is the core of the word that carries the major meaning component. Typically, roots are lexical categories such as N, V, A, or P. ÇáÌÐÑ åæ ÌæåÑ ÇáßáãÉ ÇáÊí íÍãá ÚäÕÑ ãÚäì ßÈíÑ. ÚÇÏÉ¡ æÇáÌÐæÑ åí ÝÆÇÊ ÇáãÚÌãíÉ ãËá N¡ V¡ A¡ Ãæ P. Affixes are NOT lexical and are ALWAYS bound morphemes. For ex, -er in teach-er (V+er => N). ãáÇÍÙÉ ÐßÑåÇ ÇáÏßÊæÑ Ýí ÇáÔÑÍ Çä root are lexical word root are lexical categories affixes are not lexical its always bound _______________________ Below are examples of the internal structure of some words _________________ ÇááÇÍÞÇÊ áíÓÊ ãÚÌãíÉ ,æåí ÏÇÆãÇ ÊÑÊÈØ ÈÜ ÇáÝæäíã (ÇáÕÑÝ) ãËÇáer Ýí ßáãÉ teach åí ÇÓã noun ÖÝäÇ ÚáíåÇ er ÇÕÈÍÊ ÕÝÉ teach-er V + er = N æÝíãÇ íáí ÃãËáÉ Úáì Çáåíßá ÇáÏÇÎáí ááÈÚÖ ÇáßáãÇÊ Affix types: There are 3 types : A prefix is attached to the front of the base. Ex. De-activate, re-play, il-lega ÇáÈÇÏÆÉ ãæÕæáÉ Åáì ÇáÌÒÁ ÇáÃãÇãí ãä ÇáÞÇÚÏÉ. A suffix is attached to the end of a base . Ex. Faith-ful, govern-ment, hunt-er ÇáæÇÍÞ ÊÊÕá ãÚ äåÇíÉ ÇáÞÇÚÏÉ An infix, which less common, occurs within another morpheme. æÇáÊí ÃÞá ÔíæÚÇ¡ æíÍÏË ÏÇÎá ãÑÝíã ÂÎÑ. ÊÍÏË ÏÇÎá ÇááæÇÕÞ For example, in Tagalog, the language spoken in the Philippines, we find: bili è buy, the past form of which is b-in-ili è bought. ãËÇá äÌÏ Çä Tagalog ÇááÛÉ ÇáãÓÊÎÏãÉ Ýí ÇáÝáÈíä äÌÏ bili ãÚäÇåÇ buy , the past form of which is b-in-ili ãÚäÇåÇ bought in åäÇ åí ÇáÍÑÝ ÇáãÇÖí ÇáÊí ÊÖÇÝ ááßáãå æÊÚäí ÇäåÇ ÊÍæáÊ ááãÇÖí ßãÇ Ýí ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉed æÇíÖÇð ÈáÛÉ ÇÎÑì Beware! –ish in boy-ish-ness is NOT an infix. Arabic, and other Semitic languages, has interesting illustrations of infixing. Roots in Arabic are consonantal. Various combinations of vowels are added, including in between consonants to mark grammatical contrasts such as ÇááÛÉ ÇáÚÑÈíÉ¡ æáÛÇÊ ÓÇãíÉ ÃÎÑì áÏíåÇ ÇáÇåÊãÇã ÇááæÇÕÞ ÌÐæÑ Ýí ÇááÛÉ ÇáÚÑÈíÉ ÓÇßäÉ, ÊÑßíÈÇÊ ãÎÊáÝÉ ãä ÃÍÑÝ ÇáÚáÉ ãáÇÍÙÉ ãä ÇáÏßÊæÑ ÇáãÖÇÝÉ¡ ÈãÇ Ýí Ðáß Ýí ãÇ Èíä ÇáÓÇßäÉ ÚáÇãÉ äÍæíÉ ãÊäÇÞÖÉ ãËá* there isn't vowels in Arabic root Kataba => wrote, kutiba => has been written, aktub => I write/am writing. One way of representing these facts is by assigning vowels to a different tier, level : ØÑíÞÉ æÇÍÏÉ áÊãËá åÐå ÇáÍÞÇÆÞ Úä ØÑíÞ ÊÚííä ÃÍÑÝ ÇáÚáÉ Åáì ØÈÞÇÊ ãÎÊáÝÉ¡ ãÓÊæì:  Problem cases English morphology is said to be word-based. Consider the following: re-do, treat-ment. Most complex words are like these two. ÍÇáÇÊ ÇáãÔßáÉÚáã ÇáÕÑÝ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ ÊÚÊÈÑ ÇÓÇÓ ÇáßáãÉ. ãÚ ãÑÇÚÇÉ ÇáÇÊí : re-do, treat-ment ÇáßáãÇÊ ÇáÃßËÑ ÊÚÞíÏÇð ãËá åÐíä ÇáãËÇáíä. Not all languages are like English, Spanish and Japanese, verbal roots are ALWAYS bound and cannot therefore stand alone. Arabic is also like that. áíÓ ßá ÇááÛÇÊ ãËá ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ, æÇáÅÓÈÇäíÉ æÇáíÇÈÇäíÉ¡ æÌÐæÑ ÇááÝÙíÉ Êßæä ÏÇÆãÇð ãÑÊÈØÉ æ æáÐáß áÇ íãßä Ãä ÊÞÝ æÍÏåÇ. ÇááÛÉ ÇáÚÑÈíÉ ÃíÖÇ ãËá Ðáß. English also has a number of bound roots such as unkempt ( unkempt hair) which does not break into un+kempt . áÏíåÇ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ ÃíÖÇ ÚÏÏÇ ãä ÌÐæÑ ÇáãÑÈæØÉ ãËá ÃÔÚË (ÃÔÚË ÇáÔÚÑ) ÇáÊí áÇ äÓÊØíÚ ÝÕáåÇ ÇæßÓÑåÇ unkempt ____ Other words such as inept were borrowed into English from Latin ineptus (unsuited). Today, this word cannot be broken up into * in-ept. ÚÈÇÑÉ ÃÎÑì ãËá ßáãÉ inept ÌáÈÊ ááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ ãä ÇááÇÊíäíÉ ineptus æãÚäÇåÇ(unsuited) åÐå ÇáßáãÉ áÇ íãßä ÊÞÓíãåÇ áÜ * in-ept ____________ Another class of borrowed words from Latin via French is represented by the following: receive, conceive, perceive, permit, submit and commit. æÊÊãËá ÝÆÉ ÃÎÑì ãä ÇáßáãÇÊ ÇáãÓÊÚÇÑÉ ãä ÇááÛÉ ÇááÇÊíäíÉ Úä ØÑíÞ ÇáÝÑäÓíÉ ÈãÇ íáí: receive, conceive, perceiv , permit, submit and commit Each potential division of the word does not have a meaning of its own. Re- => 'again' but –ceive => ?. Consequently, these words cannot be segmented. ßá ÊÝÓíã ãÍÊãá ááßáãÉ áÇíãÊáß ãÚäÇð ÎÇÕ Èå ßáãÉ receive ßáãÉ áÇíãßä ÊÌÒÆÊåÇ Çæ ÝÕáåÇ Re- => 'again' but –ceive => . . Allomorphs are the set of morphs or Allomorphs Allomorphs are variants of a morpheme that differ in pronunciation but are semantically identical. For example, in English, the plural marker -(e)s of regular nouns can be pronounced /-z/, /-s/, or /-ɨz/, depending on the final sound of the noun's singular form åÐå ÇáãÞÇØÚ Çæ ÇáãæÑÝíãÇÊ ÊäÊåí ÈÜ s ãÊØÇÈÞå áÛæíÇ æÊÎÊáÝ Ýí ÇáäØÞ æÊÚÊãÏ Úáì ÇáÕæÊ ÇáäåÇÆí áÔßá ÇáÇÓã ÇáãÝÑÏ Úáì ÓÈíá ÇáãËÇá 1 ÇÐÇ ÇäÊåÊ Çáßáãå ÞÈá s ÈÕæÊ ÓÇßä ÛíÑ ãäØæÞ voicless ÊäØÞ s ãËá maps Çæ cats 2 ÇÐÇ ÇäÊåÊ Çáßáãå ÞÈá s ÈÕæÊ ãäØæÞ voiced ãËá rooms Çæ balls 3 ÇÐÇ ÓÈÞÊ s ÈÇÍÏ ÇáÍÑæÝ ÇáÇÊíå ch - sh - dg - z - s ÊäØÞ iz ãËá witches - wishes - fridges ÇÊãäì æÕá ÇáÔÑÍ |
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ÇáÊÚÏíá ÇáÃÎíÑ Êã ÈæÇÓØÉ ßÇÑÒãÇ ; 2015- 11- 20 ÇáÓÇÚÉ 06:44 PM |
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2015- 11- 20
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ãÊãíÒÉ Ýí ÇáãÓÊæì ÇáÓÇÈÚ - E7
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ÑÏ: ãÐÇßÑÉ ÌãÇÚíÉ (ÇáäÍæ æÇáÕÑÝ) ááÃÓÊÇÐ ÚÈÏÇáÑÍíã ÌãÇÑí ง'̀-'́)ง)
ÇÞÊÈÇÓ:
ÇÞÊÈÇÓ:
æíÓÚÏß íÇÑÈ , ÑÈí íæÝÞß íÇÑÈ ÇÞÊÈÇÓ:
æÚáíßã ÇáÓáÇã æÑÍãÉ Çááå æÈÑßÇÊå ÇáÚÝæ ãÇ ÓæíÊ Ôí æÇááå .gif "(269)") ÑÈí íÓÚÏß íÇÑÈ æíæÝÞß æíÓåáåÇ Úáíßí _____________ ÇáãÑå ÇáãÇÖíÉ Çáí ÐÇßÑÊ ÝíåÇ ÇáãÇÏå æÞÝÊ ÚäÏ ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ ÇáËÇãäå áÇäåÇ ßÇäÊ ÔÚæÐÉ Ìä æáßä ÈÚÏ ãÇ ÑÌÚÊ ááßÊÇÈ åÐí ÇáãÑå (Ýí ÇáãÑÝÞÇÊ ÍØíÊå ãÇ ÇÏÑí åá ÇÑÝÞÊå ÞÈá æáÇ áÃ) ÇßÊÔÝÊ Çä ßá ÇáÔÚæÐÇÊ ßÇäÊ ãÌÑÏ ãÍÇæáå ÈÇÆÓÉ ááÇÎÊÕÇÑ ÇáãÍÇÖÑÉ 8 ÈÇáÐÇÊ æÇáãÍÇÖÑå ... 6 ÇäÇ æÕáÊ ááÊÇÓÚå æÈãÇ Çä 14 ÇÓÆáå ÈÇÞíáí ÎãÓ ãÍÇÖÑÇÊ íÇ ÇÎáÕåÇ Çáíæã íÇ ÚÓÇäí áÇ ÎáÕÊåÇ 
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