بستان حياة (2)for you

[الحياة علي]

- Countable Nouns

• We use a - an - numbers – and plural s ♥♥♥♥ Countable nouns

(a-an - الاعداد-صيغة الجمعنستخدم مع الاسم المعدود

• One book - apple - school

Two books - two apples - three schools

A book - a school - an apple

The book - the school - the apple

• We use these words ♥♥♥♥ countable nouns :نستخدم مع الاسم المعدود هذه الاسماء

Some - any - a lot of - many - a few - few + plural

Some books - a lot of apples

Are they any books ?

2- Uncountable Nouns : (U-C)

• One water - one sugar - one air (wrong) خطأ

Two waters - two sugars - two airs (wrong) خطأ

A water - a sugar - an air (wrong) خطأ

The water - the sugar - the air (right) صحيح

• We use these words ♥♥♥♥ countable nouns :نستخدم مع الاسم غيرالمعدود هذه الكلمات

Some - any - a lot of - much - little - a little

Some waters (wrong)خطأ

Some water (right) صح

• Give me some advice or a piece of / a bit of / an item of

• Give me some rice or a kilo of / 2 kilos of

• Give me some milk or a liter of / a bottle of a cup of

• Give me some jam or a jar of

• Give me some toothpaste or a tube of

• Common Uncountable Nouns :اسماء غير معدودةشائعة

1- Whole groups made up of similar items :مجموعة تعني الكل

Baggage – clothing – equipment – food – fruit – furniture – garbage – jewelry – machinery – makeup – money/cash/ change- postage – scenery , traffic

2- Liquids :السوائل

Water – coffee – tea – milk – oil – soup – blood ………………

3- Solids : صلب

Ice – bread – butter – cheese – meat – gold – iron – silver – wood – cotton - ……….

4- Gases :غازات


Steam – air – oxygen – nitrogen – smoke – smog – pollution …………………

5- Particles :رقاقات جسيمات


Rice – chalk – corn – dust – flour – grass – hair – salt – sand – sugar – wheat - …

6- Abstractions :اسماء معنوية


Beauty – confidence – courage – education – enjoyment – fun – happiness – health – help – honesty – hospitality – importance – intelligence - justice – luck – music – patience – peace –


- advice – information – news – evidence – wealth ……


- space , energy


- homework , work


- grammar , slang , vocabulary

7- ♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥s :اللغات


Arabic – English – French – Spanish …………….

8- Fields of study :مجالات الدراسة


Chemistry – engineering – history – literature – mathematics …………………….

9- General activities :النشاطات


Driving – studying – swimming – traveling - …………….

10- Natural phenomena :الظواهر الطبيعية


Weather – wind – darkness –light – sunshine – electricity – gravity ……….

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- Yes or No Question :



- She is always late to school.


Is she late to school? Yes, she is / No, she isn’t.

- Amal goes to school everyday.


Does she go to school everyday? Yes, she does / No, she doesn't

- They usually sleep at 11.00 p.m.


Do they sleep at 11: 00 p.p.? Yes, they do / No, they don't

- She was absent yesterday.


Was she absent yesterday? Yes, she was / No she wasn’t

- They visited their uncle yesterday.


Did they visit their uncle yesterday? Yes, they did / No, they didn’t

2- Wh / Questions :


نستخدم الطريقةالتالية لاستخدام كلمات الاستفهام التالية


A : متى When – أين where – ماذا what – لماذا why – كيف how :

- They arrived in the evening


When did they arrive?

- They go to Egypt every year.


Where do they go every year?

- They traveled to London by plane.


How did they travel to London?

B: Who


من : في حالة االسؤالعن الفاعل


- Hany won the first prize .


Who won the first prize ?

من:في حالة السؤال عن المفعول به


- The police arrested the thief .


Who(m) did the police arrest ?

C : How much + uncountable noun ( اسمغير معدود بعدها)


How many + countable noun (اسم معدود بعدها)

- How much money does it cost?


- How many brothers do you have?

D : How + adjective (ياتي بعدها صفة(

How far - how old - How cold – How soon – How long – How often – How fast

- How old are you?


- How cold is it?


- How fast were you driving


- How often do you write stories?


- How far is if to Rafah?

E : What / Which + noun (ياتي بعدها اسم)

What /which time – size – speed – colour – type – kind …………………

- What time is it?


- What kind of car do you have


- Which magazine do you read?

• Excercise

: Asking &Giving Information :

Interview : What 's your surname ?

Hatem : Helmy

Interview : How many …………………speak ?

Hatem : Three .


Interview : ……………………………..?

Hatem : I live alone .

Interview : Which………………………………to?

Hatem : I don’t go to a university . I study at home.

Interview : ………………………….?

Hatem : Yes , a part-time job.

^_^

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Reflexive Pronouns الضمائر الانعكاسية

- Reflexive pronouns are often used when the action described by the verb is directed toward the thing referred to by the subject of the verb. تستخدم الضمائرالانعكاسية لوصف فعل يعود على الفاعل من الفعل في نفس الجملة

This use of reflexive pronouns is illustrated in the following examples. The reflexive pronouns are underlined.

- I washed myself thoroughly before putting on clean clothes.

-- Did you hurt yourself?

- Reflexive pronouns can also be used when it is desired to


emphasize a personal pronoun. تستخدم الضمائر الانعكاسية ايضا للتاكيد

The reflexive pronouns in the following examples are underlined.

-. I myself saw what happened.

- Did he solve the problem himself?

- She did the work herself.

Subjective Case ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــRef lexiv e Pronoun

ـــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــmyself

youـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــ yourself للمفرد

heـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ himself

she ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ herse lf

itـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــ ـــــــــ itself

we ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــo ursel ves

you ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــyoursel ves للجمع

they ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــthemselves

Excercise

A. Fill in the gaps as appropriate.

1. Mahal! Please behave __________.

2. The pop star __________ attended the wedding ceremony, as she had promised.

3. I sent __________ a letter, but she hasn't replied to __________ yet.

4. We send letters to __________ regularly. I get on very well ♥♥♥♥ __________. She's, in fact, my best friend.

5. We looked at __________ in amazement, but we didn't say anything.

6. Make __________ at home, Ali. I'll be right back.

7. We've known __________ since we were kids. We even were at school together.

8. I made a fool of __________ by saying that stupid thing.

9. "He hurt __________ when he was playing soccer.

10. When you see your sister, give my regards to __________, please.

Answers

1- yourselves

2. herself

3. her, me

4. each other, her

5. each other o one another

6. yourself

7. each other o one another

8. myself

9. himself

10. her

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