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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
بنآت بليز آحد يعرف عن السينتاكس اي شى .. :(
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
بنات الله يعافيكم كيف طريقة اختبار السنتاكس بكرا ؟ لان كأن الجزئية شوي !!! + التعاريف احنا نعرفهم ولا مصطلحات ؟
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
بنات الي مع دكتور شمس الدين بليز ايش قال لكم تذاكرون بالفكر ؟؟ فكر وثقافه
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
بنات هل نزلت درجات نشأة الرواية مع دكتورة. ليلى من زمان وانا اشيك ماحصلت شي لا على بلاك بورد ولا غيروا ؟؟
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
بنات ايش هو السنتاكس الي تتكلمون عنه اي مستو هذا هل هي ماده ولا وشو
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
السنتاكس هي مادة النحو والصرف ..مادة مستوى سادس اتوقع
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
متى اختبار مدخل اللغويات ؟
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
اقتباس:
قال الاختبار النهائي فيه ثلاث أجزاء اول سؤال بيكون defintion or classify only 5 ثاني سؤال to establish intellectual link between two thinkers اللي هو قارني بين 2 من المفكرين بيكون فيه 6 خيارات ونختار بس اربع بينهم ونقارن مثل مثلا : plato and aristote ثالث سؤال .. eaasay question |
رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
بنات الي عندها تفريغ العام للروايه تنزله هنا
وابي اسالكم حنا كم رويه ندرس وكيف طريقه الاساله ؟ |
رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
اهاا يعطيك الف عافيه ياقلبي ماقصرتي
طيب انتوا من وين تذاكروا للفكر في ايميل ولا ايش ؟؟ لأنو انا مع دكتوره لمياء وكل الي عندنا نوت بس مايكفي |
رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
بنات كيف طريقة اسئلة الفنولوجي والفونتكس بالفاينل.
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
Phones, Phonemes and Allophones A phoneme is an abstract unit of sounds. But the different phonetic realizations of any phoneme is described as phones. Example : seed /i:/ seen / Ĩ / NOTE that these phonetic variants are technically known as allophones. مييين فاهم هذا السلايد؟:(107): |
رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
[QUOTE=amooosh;9999362]
اقتباس:
جزاك الله خير ما كنت ادري انو في شي محذوف |
رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
بنات الله يسعدكم متى اختبار الفكر والثقافه النهائي !!!!! ضروري لو سمحتم انتظر الاجابه
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
مادة المقال كيف بتكون اسئلتها بالفاينل؟
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
سر دمعه الله يووووفقك يارب ويسعععدك لاني كنت مخرعه شكيت انه بكرا
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
بالنسبه للفكر يابنات الري تعرف شي عنه تفيدنا واذا هو منزل شي
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
اقتباس:
يعني كل فقره في المقال عليها عشر درجات |
رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
اقتباس:
ويابنات من تعرف وش اللي حذفته مس ليلى من ريس اوف نوفل قالت الاسماء حقت الملوك وهل اسماء الادباء واعمالهم معنا وش بعد حذفت؟؟! |
رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
اقتباس:
ومافي رسمه ومافيه فرقي عاد انا احس فيه فرقي بس مدري عنها هذا كلامها قبل امس :(107): |
رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
تعريفات الرواية
1. Novel - Plot- Character- Point of View - Setting -Theme- Style 2. Parody and burlesque It’s an imitation of an original work such as Literature, Music, Movie, Play or a musical. It mimics the style of the author, artist, or genre in a humorous or satirical way for a comic effect. Parody and burlesque are both forms of mocking imitation. The two are not clearly distinguishable. A burlesque: is commonly held to lean more towards sheer fun. A parody: implies a rather more serious attempt to ridicule its object 3. Irony 4. Free indirect speech Renders thought as reported speech (in the third person, past tense) but keeps to the kind of vocabulary that is appropriate to the character, and deletes some of the tags, Like: ‘she thought,’ ‘she wondered,’ ‘she asked herself’ etc. A more formal narrative style would require. This gives the illusion of intimate access to a character’s mind, but without totally surrendering authorial participation in the discourse 5. Conversation and language 6. Realism 7. protagonist A protagonist meaning "one who plays the first part, chief actor"[1]) is the main character (the central or primary personal figure) of a literary, theatrical, cinematic, or musical narrative, who enters conflict because of the antagonist. The audience is intended to most identify with the protagonist. In the theatre of Ancient Greece, three actors played every main dramatic role in a tragedy; the protagonist played the leading role whereas the deuteragonist and the tritagonist played the others. The terms protagonist and main character are variously explained and, depending on the source, may denote different concepts. In fiction, the story of the protagonist can be told from the perspective of a different character (who may also, but not necessarily, be the narrator). An example would be a narrator who relates the fate of several protagonists- perhaps as prominent figures recalled in a biographical perspective. 8. Antagonist An antagonist opponent, competitor, enemy, rival", from anti- "against" + agonizesthai "to contend for a prize,")[1] is a character, group of characters, or institution that represents the opposition against which the protagonist or protagonists must contend. In other words, an antagonist is a person or a group of people who oppose the main character(s).[2] In the classic style of stories wherein the action consists of a hero fighting a villain/enemy, the two can be regarded as protagonist and antagonist, respectively. Of course, some narratives cast the villain the protagonist role, with the opposing hero as the antagonist.[3] The antagonist may also represent a major threat or obstacle to the main character by their very existence, without necessarily deliberately targeting him or her. 9. Stereotype 10. Prototype 11. Bildungsroman novel of formation, novel of education, or coming-of-age story is a literary genre that focuses on the psychological and moral growth of the protagonist from youth to adulthood (coming of age),] and in which, therefore, character change is extremely important 12. Cinderella theme 13. Feminism is a collection of movements and ideologies aimed at defining, establishing, and defending equal political, economic, and social rights for women.[1][2] This includes seeking to establish equal opportunities for women in education and employment. A feminist advocates or supports the rights and equality of women. Feminist theory, which emerged from these feminist movements, aims to understand the nature of gender inequality by examining women's social roles and lived experience; it has developed theories in a variety of disciplines in order to respond to issues such as the social construction of sex and gender.[4][5] Some of the earlier forms of feminism have been criticized for taking into account only white, middle-class, educated perspectives. This led to the creation of ethnically specific or multiculturalist forms of feminism.[6] 14. Postcolonial theory As critical theory, Post-colonialism presents, explains, and illustrates the ideology and the praxis of Neo-colonialism, with examples drawn from the humanities — history and political science, philosophy and Marxist theory, sociology, anthropology, and human geography; the cinema, religion, and theology; feminism, linguistics, and post-colonial literature, of which the Anti-conquest narrative genre presents the stories of colonial subjugation of the subaltern man and woman. 15. Foreshadowing Foreshadowing or adumbrating is a literary device in which an author hints certain plot developments that perhaps will come later in the story.[1] It is used to arouse the listener about how the story will proceed and mentally prepare them for how it will unfold.[2][3] A hint that is designed to mislead the audience is referred to as a red herring. A similar device is the flash-forward (also known as prolepsis). However, foreshadowing only hints at a possible outcome within the confinement of a narrative. A flashforward is a scene that takes the narrative forward in time from the current point of the story in literature, film, television, and other media.[4][5] 16. Gothic novel Gothic fiction, sometimes referred to as Gothic horror, is a genre or mode of literature that combines fiction, horror and Romanticism. Its origin is attributed to English author Horace Walpole, with his 1764 novel The Castle of Otranto, subtitled (in its second edition) "A Gothic Story." The effect of Gothic fiction feeds on a pleasing sort of terror, an extension of Romantic literary pleasures that were relatively new at the time of Walpole's novel. Melodrama and parody (including self-parody) were other long-standing features of the Gothic initiated by Walpole. It originated in England in the second half of the 18th century and had much success in the 19th as witnessed by Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and the works of Edgar Allan Poe. Another well known novel in this genre, dating from the late Victorian era, is Bram Stoker’s Dracula. The name Gothic refers to the (pseudo)-medieval buildings in which many of these stories take place. This extreme form of romanticism was very popular in England and Germany. The English gothic novel also led to new novel types such as the German Schauerroman and the French roman noir. 17. Byronic Hero The Byronic hero is a variant of the Romantic hero as a type of character, named after the English Romantic poet Lord Byron. Both Byron's life and writings have been considered in different ways to exemplify the type. The Byronic hero first appears in Byron's semi-autobiographical epic narrative poem Childe Harold's Pilgrimage (1812–1818), and was described by the historian and critic Lord Macaulay as "a man proud, moody, cynical, with defiance on his brow, and misery in his heart, a scorner of his kind, implacable in revenge, yet capable of deep and strong affection".[ 18. Super-ego 19. Id 20. Ego 21. Prequel A prequel is a literary, dramatic, or filmic work whose story precedes that of a previous work,[1][2] by focusing on events that occur before the original narrative.[3] A prequel is a work that forms part of a back-story to the preceding work. Like sequels, prequels may or may not concern the same plot as the work from which they are derived. Often, they explain the background which led to the events in the original, but sometimes the connections are not as explicit. Sometimes, prequels play on the fact that the audience knows what will happen next, using deliberate references to create dramatic irony. The term is a 20th-century neologism, from pre- (from Latin prae, "before") and -quel (formed by unetymologically splitting "sequel" into supposed prefix and stem "se-quel" 22. Sequel A sequel (also known as follow-up) is a narrative, documental, or other work of literature, film, theatre, television, music, or game that continues the story of, or expands upon, some earlier work. In the common context of a narrative work of fiction, a sequel portrays events set in the same fictional universe as an earlier work, usually chronologically following the events of that work. In many cases, the sequel continues elements of the original story, often with the same characters and settings. A sequel can lead to a series, in which key elements appear in a number of stories. Although the difference between more than one sequel and a series is somewhat arbitrary, it is clear that some media franchises have enough sequels to become a series, whether originally planned as such or not. Sequels are attractive to creators and to publishers because there is less risk involved in returning to a story with known popularity rather than developing new and untested characters and settings. Audiences are sometimes eager for more stories about popular characters or settings, making the production of sequels financially appealing.[2] 23. Utilitarianism is a theory in normative ethics holding that the proper course of action is the one that maximizes utility, usually defined as maximizing happiness and reducing suffering. Classic utilitarianism's two most influential contributors are Jerem |
رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
مشكوووره مرره روز :love080:
يعني التعريف ماعليه درجة كبيرة :mad: الله يعين بس صعب اذا كذا |
رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
طيب روز ممكن تقولين ايش قالت دكتورة هدى بالضبط؟ ونص الدرجة بتكون فونتكس والنصدالثاني فونولوجي ولا مخلوط؟؟
وكل شي تذكرينه قوليه بليز لان اميمة ماقالت شي والله يوفقنا |
رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
لا مخلوط مو مفرقه واكلام نفس اللي كتبته فوق هذا اللي قالته ما اعرف غيره والله
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
مرشدة مغرورة الله يوفقك و يجزاك خيرر ماقصرتي :biggrin::love080:
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
بنات السيمانتكس كم معنا تشابتر ؟!
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
بنات التراسكربشن والسيلبل هي قالت ما راح تطلع من الكتاب
الكتاب مليان كلمات تقصد اي جزء ؟ وبعدين متى د ليلى بتنزل درجاتنا |
رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
بنات دكتوره هدى القصبي " صوتيات " كيف اسئلتكم الفونتكس ...؟ و عساها سهله ..؟ و كيف درجات اعمال السنه بشكل عام .. هل عاليه و مرضيه بالنسبه لكم ؟؟؟ و اذا تعرفون كيف اسلوب هدى القصبي بالأسئله تكفووووون افيدونا , انا حامله الماده من قبل و على وشك تخرج بإذن الله :Cry111: انا من طالبات دكتورة اميمة , لكن للأسف هالسمستر صايرة اخلاقها سيئة الله يهديها و ضاربه فينا الحيط! و ماتهتم بمصلحة الطالبه مثل قبل !!! لا تبخلون علينا بأي معلومه جزاكم الله خير كفارة المجلس : " سبحانك اللهم و بحمدك , أشهد أن الا اله الا أنت استغفرك و أتوب إليك " |
رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
اقتباس:
اي والله ياليت احد يساعدنا ضايعين :Cry111: |
رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
بنات مين حضرت الاكسترا كلاس تبع حصة الكهلان الي شرحت فيه The rape of the lock & paradise lost
ياليت تقول لنا ايش قالت الدكتورة |
رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
بنات احد يعرف اذا درجات الشعر ١٧ نزلت ؟ انا ماقبلت اضافتي في القروب :(
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
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:sm12::sm12::sm12: |
رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
بنات الفونتكس يوم الثلاثاء الصباح 8 صح؟
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
تخطيط مقدمه الى اللغويات الدكتوره هدى القصبي
Animal and human language: Displacement, arbitrariness, productivity,culture transmission, duality Question1,2,3 The sound of language: كله معنا Question كل الستادي قويسشنز وقالت مهمه The sound patterns of language: Phonology,phonemes, phone and allophones, assimilation, elision Questions: 1,2,3,4,6 Word formation: مهم كله Questions: 1,2,3,4,6 Morphology: كله مهم Questions: 1,2,3,4 Grammar: Grammar, the part of speech Questions: 1,2,3 Syntax: Structural ambiguity, symbols used in ...... Questions: 2,3,4,5 Semantics: كله ماعدا metonymy and photo types Questions: 2,4,5,6 Pragmatic: مهم ويمكن يجي منه مقارنه Questions: 1,3,4,5 Discourse analysis: Cohesion, coherence, hedges, implicatures ماحددت اسئله Gestures: كله ماحددت اسئله بس انا مأشره على 2،3،4 Language and regional: The standard language, accent and dialect, dialectology, regional dialect, isoglosses and dialect boundaries Question: 1,2,3,4 Language and social : Sociolinguistics, speech style and shifting, prestige, register and jargon,social barriers, vernacular language Questions: 1,2,5 كتابي نفس كتاب الدكتوره الثيرد اديشن ممكن يكون في الاديشن الثانيه ترتيب الاسئله غير التشابترز الي ماذكرتها محذوفه بالتوفيييييق اسم المستخدم : حفظ البيانات كلمة المرور : بنات سامحوني اذا فيه شي ماسمعته من الدكتوره يمكن سقط سهوا لا تدعون علي بليز والله يوفقكم |
رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
اقتباس:
up اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ وَسَلِّمْ وَبَارِكْ على نَبِيِّنَا مُحمَّد. |
رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
شكراً sigh عالتوضيح ... بالتوفييييق بنات بالفوناتيس يارب كلنا ننجح بتقدير عالي 3>
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
ايش تعريف ال lexical tone ?
مين يذكر تعاريف ميد الفونولوجي مع أميمه !! |
رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
كيف راح تجي اسئلة الرواية ؟؟
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
بليزز بنات نحتاج تخطيط الدكتوره هدى القصبي مادة الصوتيات 😒
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
بنات موعد اختبار اللغويات التطبيقية والسينتاكس اي ساعة ؟
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
نزلت در جات الشعر جنب مكتبها
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
اقتباس:
السينتاكس مدري |
رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
بنات باخر محاضرة سيمانتكس قال شي عن صيغة الاسئلة و توزيع الدرجات عليها ؟!!
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
بنات كم الساعه يبدا اختبار السينتاكس ؟
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
بنات الله يوفقكم ان شاء الله الي عندها تفريغ الرواية الي في البداية ياليت تحطه لنا مرره محتاجته
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
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أنا بعد اخر محاضره غايبه فيها اللي تعرف ياليت تفيدنا |
رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
3 مرفق
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
بنات دكتور احمد ابراهيم قال شي عن البحث في الامتحان النهائي ؟
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
بناااات الله يعافيكم احد يرد علي اخر محاضرة داخله معانا بالسنتاكس هي ثيتا ؟ هذا اخر شي نزل عندي بالبلاك بورد + ايش اخذتوا في اخر محاضرة يوم الخميس كنت غايبه و كيف طريقة الاسئله ؟؟
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
اخذنا فاينل ميد تبع السنتاكس ودربتنا عالتري دايقرام وقالت اخر شي لتسليم الواجب بكرة قبل الامتحان وصحيح اخر شي الثيتا
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
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الله يوفقك باختباراتك ، شكرا لانك رديتي علي :) |
رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
بنات نظرية الترجمة دكتورة سلوى نزلت عالايميل درجات البروجكت والكوز .. وقالت الي اسمائهم بالاحمر يعني ما اكملو المطلوب؟ شسالفة انا مسلمتها البروجكت بس مو موجودة درجتي ؟ الي تعرف وسألتها ياليت تقول ؟
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
بنات مالقيت الايميل اللي قالت عن د. سلوى ياليت احد ينزله هنا :(
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
بنات انا كلمت دكتورة سلوى تقول انها نست مجموعه من الواجبات في الدرج ف ما رصدت درجة البنات تحسبهم ما جابوا الواجب , تقول راح تجمع الدرجات وتوريناها بالفاينل
وغير كذا شسممه البونس حق البروجكت قالت بتحطه اخر شي مع النهائي مو الحين .. |
رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
اقتباس:
translation2013@hotmail.com password : thirdyear2013 |
رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
بنات ايه نوع الديكشنري ل اختبار مقال ؟ |
رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
اقتباس:
بس كأني سمعت انو منعوه بس احتياط بجيب معايا |
رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
بنات موضوع الثيسيس حق نظرية الترجمة مو عندي اللي عندها تنزله حق احر محاضرة
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
بنات لغويات تبع اي موضوع ؟
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
اقتباس:
الله يعااافيك اذا لسا عندك ملزمه الفكرر حقت شمس الدين ممكن ترسلين لي ايااها؟؟ انا مااختبرت وبختبر مع المعتذرات :mh12: اوو اي احد عنده الملزمه يحطها هنا الله يعااافيكمممم :( |
رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
بنات..ايش هيا المواضيع اللي معانا بنظرية الترجمه؟؟
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
اقتباس:
2) ch2اللي بالكتاب وتلقين لها ملخص بعد بالايميل والملزمه وفي الشابتر نفسه وضوع thesaurusذاكريه من الايميل العرض اللي الدكتوره مسويته 3) والcollocation الكلمات تحفظينها كلها 4)وطبعا بنترجم من عربي الى انجليزي والعكس .. وبالتوفيق.. |
رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
بناااااااااااااااااااااااااااااااات اللي بالايميل محذوفه اشياء كثيرة نذاكره يعني
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
اقصد النظريه , وكيف طريقة الاسئلة جايبه زفت بالميد :(
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
الله يعطيك العافيه يادانه
تسلمين |
رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
بنات ابغى عروض الترجمة :sdfgdsf:
و المحاضرات اللي ع الايميل |
رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
3
The Meaning of the Term " Theory": - The English word ' theory' was derived from a technical term in Ancient Greek philosophy. The word ' theoria' meant a looking at, viewing, beholding, and referring to contemplation or speculation as opposed to action. - Theory is especially often contrasted to "practice" from Greek ' praxis'. 3 The Meaning of the Term " Theory": - The English word ' theory' was derived from a technical term in Ancient Greek philosophy. The word ' theoria' meant a looking at, viewing, beholding, and referring to contemplation or speculation as opposed to action. - Theory is especially often contrasted to "practice" from Greek ' praxis'. - In modern science the term theory or 'scientific theory' is generally understood to refer to a proposed " explanation" of " empirical phenomena" made in a way consistent with scientific method. The Definition of a theory: - A theory is an explanation of a phenomenon, the perception of a system and order in something observed. - It exists in the mind. - It has no tangible manifestation. - It is an idea which constitutes the internal representation of a phenomena. The Definition of a Model: - A model is, in contrast, an external rather than an internal representation of the explanation, a realization of a theory. - It exists as a tangible object ( diagram. A formula, a text) which stands for the idea embodied in the theory. Main Characteristics of a Useful Model: For a Model to be useful, it must possess the following characteristics: 1- It must faithfully represent the theory that it stands for. 2- It must do this by revealing significant characteristics of the phenomena explained by the theory. 1- It must have a heuristic function, making it easier to grasp the explanation (i.e. the theory) and doing that in a way which makes further studies easier and leads to deeper understanding. Main Characteristics of a theory: Ideally, a theory must reflect the following four particular criteria: 1- Empiricism: it must be testable 2- Determinism: it must be able to predict 3- Parsimony: it must be simple 4- Generality: it must be comprehensive What is translation Theory? 1- A theory is a statement of a general principle, based on reasoned argument and supported by evidence that is intended to explain a particular fact, event, or phenomenon. 2- A theory of translation should conform as far as possible to the following criteria: Empiricism, Determinism, Parsimony, and Generality. 3- Based on the above mentioned concept of theory, Bell (1991) suggested three possible theories of translation depending on the focus of investigation: A- A Theory of translation as a process B- A Theory of translation as a product C- A theory of translation as both process and product (Translating and translation) Newmark ( 1988) says: "Translation theory is the body of knowledge that we have about translating, extending from general principles to guidelines, suggestions and hints." 1- It must have a heuristic function, making it easier to grasp the explanation (i.e. the theory) and doing that in a way which makes further studies easier and leads to deeper understanding. Main Characteristics of a theory: Ideally, a theory must reflect the following four particular criteria: 1- Empiricism: it must be testable 2- Determinism: it must be able to predict 3- Parsimony: it must be simple 4- Generality: it must be comprehensive What is translation Theory? 1- A theory is a statement of a general principle, based on reasoned argument and supported by evidence that is intended to explain a particular fact, event, or phenomenon. 2- A theory of translation should conform as far as possible to the following criteria: Empiricism, Determinism, Parsimony, and Generality. 3- Based on the above mentioned concept of theory, Bell (1991) suggested three possible theories of translation depending on the focus of investigation: A- A Theory of translation as a process B- A Theory of translation as a product C- A theory of translation as both process and product (Translating and translation) Newmark ( 1988) says: "Translation theory is the body of knowledge that we have about translating, extending from general principles to guidelines, suggestions and hints." 1- It must have a heuristic function, making it easier to grasp the explanation (i.e. the theory) and doing that in a way which makes further studies easier and leads to deeper understanding. Main Characteristics of a theory: Ideally, a theory must reflect the following four particular criteria: 1- Empiricism: it must be testable 2- Determinism: it must be able to predict 3- Parsimony: it must be simple 4- Generality: it must be comprehensive What is translation Theory? 1- A theory is a statement of a general principle, based on reasoned argument and supported by evidence that is intended to explain a particular fact, event, or phenomenon. 2- A theory of translation should conform as far as possible to the following criteria: Empiricism, Determinism, Parsimony, and Generality. 3- Based on the above mentioned concept of theory, Bell (1991) suggested three possible theories of translation depending on the focus of investigation: A- A Theory of translation as a process B- A Theory of translation as a product C- A theory of translation as both process and product (Translating and translation) Newmark ( 1988) says: "Translation theory is the body of knowledge that we have about translating, extending from general principles to guidelines, suggestions and hints." 4 Elements of Translation 1- A linguistic element known as a linguist ' verbal sign' involving SL and TL. 2- A situational or contextual element involving both SL and TL. This element determines translatability. Situational elements are: 1- Semantic field 2- Physical environment 3- Social reality 4- Phonetic realization 5- The addressee ------------------------------------------ Important terms: SL TL ST TT |
رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
5
The Process of Translation 1- Reading the text to be translated with comprehension 2- Editing the source text ( if necessary) 3- Cognitive activity involves abstract mental interpretation of the text 4- Checking unfamiliar words using all sorts of dictionaries ( Oxford, Longman, Webster), Arabic-Arabic , English-Arabic, Arabic-English dictionaries. 5- Drafting 6- Editing |
رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
معقووول ولا احد عندة الملزمه حقت الفكر شمس الدين؟؟؟؟؟:Cry111:
الله يفرررج عنها كل هم الله تفرج عني وتجيبهااا |
رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
Thesaurus Introduction: Words are not stored in memory in a random manner but in a way which permits linkage to be created between them to increase the efficiency of the storage system and to facilitate recall and retrieval. What is thesaurus? It provides us with the model for storing groups of words in a number of ways: where they are synonyms, antonyms, or related in other ways. It groups lexical items on a semantic basis rather than putting them in alphabetical order Example: Optimism: hopefulness, hope, cheerfulness, encouragement, brightness, enthusiasm, confidence, assurance. Antonym: pessimism Complete synonyms are rare in language. Each word has a specific meaning of its own and is used in particular contexts. Tall means long However, we cannot say " a tall tree, and a long child" We have to say " a tall child and a long tree. Hurt means damageded but we use " hurt" for human beings, and " damaged" for concrete inanimate objects such as cars. "Ripe" and " mature" both mean ناضج But we use "mature" for human beings and " ripe" for fruit. Eliminate, cancel, delete, omit, remove, erase, terminate, dismiss, fire are synonyms but not substitutable for each other. Examples: The school team was eliminated in the first round of the competition. استبعد ، تم استبعاده Because of the bad weather the flight was canceled. تم تأجيلها، ألغيت I typed something wrong so I deleted it. حذفته This washing powder will remove most stains. تزيل I need an eraser to erase the wrong word. يمحي He terminated the contract. ألغى العقد – فسخ Several stanzas of the poem can be omitted. يمكن إهمالها – إسقاطها He was dismissed for not obeying the orders.تم تسريحه من العمل The boss fired him because he misused his position. طرده من العمل Lexical and Semantic Fields: A lexical or semantic field is broader in scope than the thesaurus, since it links words to words not only in terms of (1) meaning postulates such as synonyms, antonyms, and hyponyms, but also in terms of (2) syntactic occurrence (collocation) and phonological characteristics: initial sound, rhyme, etc. Collocation is the chain relationship in lexis. A word tends to occur in relatively predictable ways with other words, certain nouns with particular adjectives and verbs, verbs with particular adverbs, etc. Example: "Colorless green ideas sleep furiously." Is syntactically correct, but it violates semantic selectional rules. It breaks collocational rules. "Homeless black cats mew pitifully." Is accepted syntactically and semantically. Denotation and connotation Denotation refers to meaning which is referential, objective, cognitive, and shared property of the speech community which uses the language. It is the dictionary meaning of the word. Connotation refers to meaning which is associational, subjective and expressive. It may or may not be shared by the community at large. Dog: is an animal that has for legs. It barks. (denotation) But as connotation: Dog: is a pet animal, loyal, loveable, friendly for the English speakers Dog: is dirty, najes, not positive for Arabic Speakers. Semantic Deferential: A technique has been developed by psychologists interested in the structure of memory to measure the connotative dimension of words. The connotative meaning by this measure is arrived at by 15 (7-point) scales, consisting of a range of adjectives expressing three factors or dimensions ( evaluation, potency, activity), and judged on a 7-point scale running from +3 into -3, from the strongest positive through the neutral to the strongest negative. See PowerPoint for examples. |
رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
باقي الكولكويشن>> هي نفسه اللي بالملزمة وملف بوربوينت وملف ثاني بس ماعرفت انزلهم مرفق وبس موفقه 3>
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
اقتباس:
Thought-and-culture@hotmail.com الباسوورد T123456789 *الـTلازم capital! بالتوفيق |
رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
بنات كم الساعه يبدا اختبار نظرية الترجمه؟
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
اقتباس:
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
اقتباس:
بس سؤال .. كل الملزمه معنا ولا فيه موااضيع معينه؟؟ |
رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
بنات كيف طريقة اسألة الترجمة
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
اقتباس:
وثانيا راح تجيب الكولوكيشن يمكن بجمل وترجمينها او لحالها وتترجمينها وطبعا الجزء النظري هذا اللي اتذكره والله أعلم |
رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
بنات احد يعرف وش نوع الدكشنري اللي نجيبه؟
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
منعوا القسم أي دكشنري :(
بنااات قالت المس بأخر محاضره ركزوا ع الجزئيه الي بعد الميد تيرم |
رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
مساء الخير
بنات شعر الي مع حصه الكهلان معانا الكافيليرز بوتس ولا ؟ |
رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
القصائد لا بس خصائص الكافليير معنا
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
بنات وش القصايد اللي محذوفة بالشعر ١٧
وكيف قالت طريقة الاسئلة اللي حضرت معها تفيدنا الله يعافيكم |
رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
بنات ممكن تعطوني الكوتيشنز اللي معنا بادب ١٧
الله يوفقنا اجمعين |
رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
بنات وش القصائد اللي معانا
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
اقتباس:
يعني song + To Lucasta going to the warres مو معانا ؟؟ بليز بنات أحد يرد علي |
رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
بنات وش المحذوف بأدب 17
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
فيه شي محذوف بالادب وكيف طريقه الاساله للدراما والبوتري الله يجزاكم خير
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رد: ENDLISH STUDENT LEVEL 5 >> 3rd year first semester
ايوة محذوفة أكيد و بس هذا المحذوف
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