تبسيط حفظ التعاريف
Definitions:
يرمز للنص لغة المصدر source language text) S L)
يرمز لنص لغة الهدف target language text ( TL )
1- transferring the meaning + source + receptor.
2- ( Catford, 1965)``````replacement of + one language + equivalent.
3- (Nida and Taber, 1982) ````reproducing + meaning + secondly
4- (Brislin, 1976)````transfer of thoughts and ideas + written or oral form + sign languages of the deaf
5- (Pinhuhuck, 1977)`````finding a TL equivalent + SL utterance.
6- (Newmark, 1981) `````` craft replace + same message + another language.
7- (McGuire, 1980)```rendering of (SL) into (TL) + (1) the surface meaning of the (2) + preserved + TL distorted.
8- (Wilss and Noss, 1982)````transfer aims at the transformation SL into TL + syntactic, systematic , pragmatic understanding, analytical SL.
9- human activity + to exchange ideas and thoughts + different tongues used
10 - communication + meaning of a(SL) by means of an equivalent(TL)+
From Wikipedia