ونجي للبرجراف الخامس وبيكون ثاني سبب للانفايرومنت
5 A second environmental cause of shyness in an individual may be one’s culture. In
a large study conducted in several nations, 40 percent of participants in the United States
rated themselves as shy, compared to 57 percent in Japan and 55 percent in Taiwan. Of the
countries participating in the study, the lowest percentage of shyness was found in Israel,
where the rate was 31 percent. Researchers Henderson and Zimbardo say, “One explanation
of the cultural difference between Japanese and Israelis lies in the way each culture deals
with attributing credit for success and blame for failure. In Japan, an individual’s
performance success is credited externally to parents, grandparents, teachers, coaches, and
others, while failure is entirely blamed on the person.” Therefore, Japanese learn not to take
risks in public and rely instead on group-shared decisions. “In Israel, the situation is entirely
reversed,” according to Henderson and Zimbardo. “Failure is externally attributed to parents,teachers, coaches, and friends, anti-Semitism, and other sources, while all performance
success is credited to the individual’s enterprise.” The consequence is that Israelis are free
to take risks since there is nothing to lose by trying and everything to gain (10).