2013- 12- 28
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#168
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رد: هنا مذاكرة مادة أدب الأطفال
Children's literature or juvenile literature
One can trace children's literature back to stories and songs, part of a wider oral tradition
The International Companion Encyclopedia of Children's Literature notes that "the boundaries of genre... are not fixed but blurred
Classification
Children's literature can be divided into a number of categories, but it is most easily categorized according to genre or the intended age of the reader.
By genre
A literary genre is a category of literary compositions. Genres may be determined by technique, tone, content, or length. According to Anderson, there are six categories of children's literature (with some significant subgenres):
. The late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries became known as the "Golden Age of Children's Literature" as this period included the publication of many books acknowledged today as classics.
There is no single or widely used definition of children's literature
Illustration
Pictures have always accompanied children's stories
According to Joyce Whalleyin The International Companion Encyclopedia of Children's Literature, "an illustrated book differs from a book with illustrations in that a good illustrated book is one where the pictures enhance or add depth to the text."
Early children's books, such as OrbisPictus, were illustrated by woodcut
. Newer processes, including copper and steel engraving were first used in the 1830s. One of the first uses of Chromolithography
Another method of creating illustrations for children's books was etching, used by George Cruikshank in the 1850s
In India Nandalal Bose, whose paintings are considered artistic treasures, illustrated books for children from the late 1800s into the 1900s
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