المحاضره الرآبعه مختصره --
American realism was an early 20th century idea in art, music and literature.
William Dean Howells, Mark Twain.
Amy Kaplan has called realism a "strategy for imagining and managing the threats of social change".
Among the Midwestern writers be Joseph Kirkland, E. W. Howe, and Hamlin Garland; the Southern writer John W.
Samuel Clemens, fiction The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Life on the Mississippi .
William Dean Howells, fiction, essays: A Modern Instance, The Rise of Silas Lapham, A Hazard of New Fortunes.
Henry James, fiction: "Daisy Miller," Portrait of A Lady, The American, The Turn of the Screw.
Kate Chopin, fiction: The Awakening.
George Washington Cable, fiction: The Grandissimes , Old Creole Days.