hology & Syntax حل مناقشات نحو وصرف
1- The major families of words
Native speakers of English know thousands of words such
as read, language, computer, on, whose meaning and
form cannot be predicted. However, once they know the
meaning of phish ( obtain sensitive information via email
fraudulently ), they can recognize and construct words
such as: phised, phiser,phising, and unphishable
2- The main classes of lexical words
lexical (or open)classes (nouns, verbs, adjectives,
adverbs)
3- The function words
Function words are the words we use to make our
sentences grammatically correct. Pronouns,
determiners, and prepositions, and auxiliary verbs
4- Describing a sentence
Comprehensive list of synonyms for describing words
clauses andsentences, related words for describing words
clauses and sentencesand other word
5- Nouns and verbs in the English language
Verbs have traditionally been defined as words that show
action or state of being. Verbs can also sometimes be
recognized by their position in a sentence
6- Adjectives and Linking verbs in the English language
An adjective is a word that describes, identifies, modifies,
or quantifies something (a noun or a pronoun)
do not express action. Instead, they connect the subject of
the verb to additional information
7-- Prepositions in the English language
preposition is a word that links a noun, pronoun, or noun
phrase to some other part of the sentence. Prepositions
can be tricky for English learner
8- Personal pronouns in the English language
A person pronoun is a personal that is associated
primaryily with a particular person, in the grammatical
sense when discussing person. 3rd personal pronoun he,
she, it. also we have the subject and object pronoun.
Subject like we and object like us
9- Coordinate phrases in the English language
The grammar that we have developed so far consists of a
LEXICON and a set of Phrase Structure Rules (PSRs)
constrained by the X’-schema. The combined work of
these two components generates simple structures, be
they phrases or clauses of a varying degree of complexity.
The central element in a phrase is the HEAD, an Xº, while
all its dependents ( Complement, Modifier, or Specifier )
are XPs
10- Complement clauses in the English language
It is a.. nouns - pronouns - verbs - adjectives
adverbs - prepositions - conjunctions - interjections
End
11- Determiners in the English language
We use the general determiner any with a singular noun
or an uncount noun when we are talking about all of those
people or things:
It’l s very easy. Any child can do it. (= All children can do
it)
With a full licence you are allowed to drive any car.
I like beef, lamb, pork - any meat. We use the general determiner another to talk about an
additional person or thing:
Would you like another glass of wine?
The plural form of another is other:
I spoke to John, Helen and a few other friends.
End
12- Adverbs in the English language
Ex. Manner Janet left quickly. Janet left early
.
13- Modifiers in the English language
Modifiers are words, phrases, or clauses that provide
description in sentences. Modifiers allow writers to take
the picture that they have in their heads and transfer it
accurately to the heads of their readers
14- Particles in the English language
A particle is a minor function word that has comparatively
little meaning and does not inflect, in particular
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