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Green Fields along the Nile
1. Like a fine needle pushing through a rough canvas, the river pulls a wide thread of green across the rough sands of the African deserts. It binds and sustains the lives of some 38 million people.
2. The fabled Nile flows through nine countries, through mountain valleys, jungles, lakes, game parks, swamps, deserts, farmland amd cities, 4, 145 miles northward to its course, the mighty river flows through just two countries, Sudan and Egypt.
3. The Nile has two main braches: The White Nile and The Blue Nile. The White Nile , longer of the two, tumbles down out of the central African hughlands frm three lakes: Victoria, Albrt, and Edward; and, as the Albert Nile, enters the plains of southern Sudan near the town of Juba. The river there is called, by the Arabs, River of the Mountain. On it, steamboats go back and forth between Juba and Khartoum. By the time the Nile has wormed its way through nearly 400 miles of swampl, it carries only 14 per cent of the water which in time reaches Egypt. Still, this is the branch which gives the main flow of the Lower Nile and keeps it from drying up between the yearly floods.
4. As the swamp ends, the land along the banks becomes dry, cattle-herding country, a first hint of the huge deserts waiting further downstream
5. Having already gone about 2, 300 miles, the White Nile is joined at Khartoum by the major branch of the river, the Blue. Though coming in later, the Blue Nile sends as much as 58 per cent of the water reaching Egypt during the entire year, mostly, however, during the few months following the summer stroms in Ethiopia. South of Khartoum, a long dtretch of rich cotton fields in flanked by the two Niles which irrigate alomst two million acres.
6. From Kartoum ther is only one nile, and it is swelled by only one major river in its nearlt 1900 mile journey to the sea. This river is the Atbara, also fed by the Ethioipan rains, but liitle more than a row of puddles most of the year. In late summer, almost overnoght, it roars down its rocky bed in floods 1, 000 feet wide and pours out the final 28 per cent of the water reaching the sea. The Blue Nile and the Atbara between them give 86 percent of the Nile's yearly flow, all in a brief life-giving flood of water and fertile silt, just when it is needed most, at the end of the dry desert summer.
7. From the Upper Nile to the Lower Nile, the river drops 950 feet through six cataracts. Because of the falls, of course, there are no boats here, though there is steamboat service from the Sudanese- Egyptian frontier the rest of the way to the Mediterranean coast
8. The Aswan High Dam and some nineteen others being planned for the Nile will some day provide water to irrigate about to million acres of lands never before farmed. At the same time the water may be used on farms as needed during the year instead of only during floods. So farmers can grow two or even three crops in the year-round sun
9. From Aswan the Nile flows on between high cliffs through its fertile valley, rarely more than twelve miles wide, sometimes only a few hundred yards.
10. The Delta begins near Cairo 'largest city on the Nile and in all Africa', and spreads like a fan 100 miles to the sea and 180 miles wide along the coast. North of this great city 3.5 million people, the farmers grow market vegetables, dates, rice, wheat, and more cotton 'the chief crop', all irrigated by the blessed river/ The Nile splits into two main channels. then many smaller man-made ones. In the end, the world's longest river nearly loses itself in a maize of gardens and salt marshes, near the sea.
11. In the valley, in this delta, on less than 3 per cent of Egypt's land, live 95 percent of her people. As in Sudan, they are sustained by the fertile Nile.