|
أكـاديـمـي مـشـارك
|
رد: مٌميـــز //اعداد محتوى مقرر الصوتيات للدكتور محمد الهلال
حل المناقشات (محدّث)
Discussion 1
Talk about cardinal vowels and discuss how they are used ,mentioning some of their characteristics ?
1. There are two groups: a. Primary cardinal vowels b. secondary cardinal vowels
2. they are not vowels of any particular language.
3. they are a standard reference system.
4. they are used to describe, classify, and compare vowels
Discussion 2
Explain the criteria used to describe English short vowels?
a. Tongue height
b. Tongue position
c. Shape of the lips
d. Relation to cardinal vowels.
Discussion 3
Talk about the articulators above the larynx?
Pharynx, Plate, Tongue, Lips, Alveolar ridge, Velum
Discussion 4
Compare between vowels and consonants, and refer to their distribution, giving some illustrative examples
Vowels: are the class of sound which makes the least obstruction to the flow of air when it passes from the larynx to the lips. consonants: are sounds that obstruct the flow of air through the vocal tract.
Discussion 5
Discuss the plosive consonants and talk about their places of articulations
English has six plosive consonants, p, t, k, b, d, g. the plosives have different places of articulation: (p and b) are bilabial, (t and d) are alveolar, (k and g) are velar. p, t and k are always voiceless. b, d and g are sometimes fully voiced, sometimes partly voiced and sometimes voiceless
Discussion 6
Talk about the fricative consonants and their places of articulation
consonants in which air escapes through a narrow passage and makes a hissing sound
place of articulation:
/f/: voiceless labiodental, /v/: voiced labiodental, /θ/: voiceless interdental, /ً/: voiced interdental, /s/: voiceless alveolar, /z/: voiced alveolar, /∫/: voiceless palato-alveolar, /ʒ/: voiced palato-alveolar, /h/: voiced and voiceless glottal
Discussion 7
compare between plosives and fricatives especially with relation to their production
- plosive produced by forming a complete obstruction to the flow of air, this results in a build-up of compressed air inside the chamber formed by the closure, When the closure is released, there is a small explosion that causes a sharp noise.
- Fricative produced when the air escapes through a narrow passage and makes a hissing sound
Discussion 8
Discuss the role of the soft palate in the production of nasal consonants
in nasal consonants the soft palate must be lowered, in the case of all the other consonant and vowels, the soft palate is raised and air cannot pass through the nose. in nasal consonant, however the air does not pass through the mouth, it is prevented by a complete closure in the mouth at some point.
Discussion 9
Talk about the larynx and its importance in the production of speech sounds
The larynx is located in the throat/neck, and it has function as a valve that can stop air from entering or escaping from the lungs.
Inside the larynx, the vocal folds/cords have two thick flabs of muscles and two large cartilages. This structure is responsible for producing sounds when they move together.
Discussion 10
Explain the different parts of the larynx and explain how the vocal cords are attached inside it
At the front the vocal folds are joined together and fixed to the thyroid cartilage
At the back the vocal folds are attached to a pair of small cartilages called the arytenoid cartilage, and They are attached to the cricoid cartilages.
If the Arytenoid cartilages move the vocal cords move too.
Discussion 11
Explain the differences between fricatives and affricate, referring to the problem of defining the affricate consonants.
Fricatives consonants in which air escapes through a narrow passage and makes a hissing sound
Affricates are complex consonants that begin as a plosive and end as a FRICATIVE
About the problem of defining we need to restrict the definition because we cannot class all plosives plus fricative as affricates. So the plosive and the fricative must be made with the same articulators to classify them as affricates.
Discussion 12
Talk about the approximants especially with relation to their places of articulation
An approximant is an articulation in which the articulators approach each other but do not get sufficiently close to each other to produce a complete consonant such as a plosive , nasal or fricative
l/ is alveolar approximants/
r/ is post-alveolar approximants/
j/ is palatal approximants/
w/ is bilabial approximants/
Discussion 13
Explain the manner of articulation for both plosives and affricate
Plosive: occur when the vocal tract is closed completely then the airflow is not redirected through the nose. Instead, the air quickly builds up pressure behind the articulators and then releases in a burst.
Affricate: start as plosive sounds with air building up behind an articulator which then releases through a narrow channel as a fricative.
Discussion 14
Explain the difference between lenis and fortis consonants, giving illustrative examples to support your discussion
Voiceless sometimes called fortis it's mean strong. For example the plosive sounds p, t, and k are produced with more force.
Voiced called the lenis it's mean weak. For example the plosive sounds b, d, and g are scarcely voiced at the beginning and final position.
.................................
Done
|