المناقشات ..
المناقشه الاولى ..
week 1 : explain the difference between semantic and paradigmatic
semantics is mainly concerned with a speaker’s competence to use the language system
pragmatics is a person’s ability to derive meaning from specific kinds of speech situations
المناقشه الثانية ..
Week 2 “Two different referring expressions can have the same referent.” Illustrate this point with an example.
Anaphora
We usually make a distinction between introducing new referents (a puppy) and referring back to them (the puppy, it).
We saw a funny YouTube video about a boy washing a puppy in a small bath.
The puppy started struggling and shaking and the boy got really wet.
When he let go, it jumped out of the bath and ran away.
In this type of referential relationship, the second referring expression is an example of anaphora (“referring back”).
The first mention is called the antecedent.
So, in our example, a boy, a puppy and a small bath are antecedents and The puppy, the boy,
المناقشة الثالثة ..
Week 3 What do we mean by the incompatibility of terms within a semantic field?
The term exponential analysis is a semantic approach which assumes that word meaning can be described in terms of distinct components, many of which are binary.
Components are qualities embedded in any word’s meaning, like the ones seen in dictionary definitions.
E.g., Dog refers to a mammal. Also, it refers to domesticated and carnivonat
that incompatibility of tear
المناقشة الرابعة ..
Week 4 Give an example to illustrate Firth’s (1951) argument: “You shall know a word by the company it keeps.”
Field theory as proposed by Trier is essentially concerned with paradigmatic relations. About the same time Porzig [1934] argued for the recognition of the importance of systematic relations, between e.g.bite and teeth, bark and dog, blond and hair. In a slightly different way Firth [1951]. Argued that,’’ you shall know a word by the company it keeps’’. His familiar example was that of as which occurred [in a now defunct variety of English]. In you silly-, Don’t be such an-, and with a limited set of adjectives such as silly, obstinate, stupid, awful and occasionally] egregious. For Firth this keeping company, which he called collocation, was part of the meaning of a word. As we have seen, meaning was also to be found in the context of situation and all the other levels of the as well
المناقشة الخامسة ..
Week 5 Is it possible to have real synonyms in a language? Support your answer with an example.
Synonyms are two or more forms with very closely related meanings, which are often, but not always, interchangeable in sentences. E.g., broad/wide, almost/nearly, cab/taxi, youth/adolescent, purchase/buy
المناقشة السادسة ..
Week 6 Explain the difference between polysemy and homonymy.
Date (a point in time) -Date (fleshy fruit)
So they are homonyms.
Date (on a letter)
Date (an appointment)
Date (a social meeting with someone)
So they are polysemy.
المناقشة السابعة ..
Week 7 From your understanding of componential analysis, analyze the word “man” into three components.
man = [+ male], [+ mature] or woman = [– male], [+ mature] or boy = [+ male], [– mature] or girl = [– male] [– mature] or child = [+/– male] [– mature]. In other words, the word girl can have three basic factors (orsemantic properties): human, young, and female. Another example, being edible is an important factor by which plants may be distinguished from one another (Ottenheimer, 2006, p. 20). To summarize, one word can have basic underlying meanings that are well established depending on the cultural context. It is crucial to understand these underlying meanings in order to fully understand any language and culture.
المناقشة الثامنة ..
Week 8 Which of the three universalist view claims mentioned in the lecture do you agree with and why?
Unitarian Universalism[2][3][4] is a liberal religion characterized by a "free and responsible search for truth and meaning".[5][6] Unitarian Universalists do not SHAREa creed but are unified by their SHARED search for spiritual growth. The roots of Unitarian Universalism (UU) are in liberal Christianity, specifically Unitarianism and Universalism. Unitarian Universalists state that from these traditions comes a deep regard for intellectual freedom and inclusive love, so that congregations and members seek inspiration and derive insight from all major world religions.[7]
The theology of individual Unitarian Universalists ranges widely, including atheism,agnosticism, pantheism, deism, Judaism, Islam,[8] Christianity, neopaganism,Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism, and many more.[9]
The Unitarian Universalist Association (UUA) was formed in 1961, a consolidation of the American Unitarian Association, established in 1825, and the Universalist Church of America,[10] established in 1866
It is headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts, and serves churches mostly in the United States. A group of thirty Philippine congregations is represented as a sole member within the UUA. The Canadian Unitarian Council(CUC) became an independent body in 2002.[11] The UUA and CUC are, in turn, two of the seventeen members of the International Council of Unitarians and Universalists
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