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Linguistic maintenance. الصيانة اللغوية
.. is a process in which speakers may choose not to converge, but instead to maintain their own variety.
Linguistic convergenc التقارب اللغوي
is a process in which speakers change their speech to make it more similar to that of their hearer.
Linguistic divergence التباعد اللغوي
is a process in which speakers choose to move away from the linguistic norms of their hearer in order to emphasise the difference between themselves and the person or people they are talking to.