كتبت الي اتذكره بس مو نفس الصيغه ترا
وعاد انتم اعصروا مخكم اذا كانت صحيحه او لا
وايضا مهم ترا والله ماعاد جمعت اذا كان اغلبها موجود او لا هذا كمان دوركم
اما الترجمه فأنتوا عارفينها
والله يوفقنا ويوفقكم جميع
Learning a foreign language was almost a religious duty for them
He ordered Zaid ibn Thabit to learn Syriac to facilitate his communication with the Jews
من تعلم لغة قوم امن مكرهم
He who learns the language of a people has a full protection against their evil intention
Greek into Arabic Sarjun ibn Mansur Arrumi
According to 2Baker & Hanna (2011), translation activities started in earnest during the Umayyad period
in the Arabic speaking countries, translation, as an art or profession, did not take a clear-cut shape until the Abbasid Age
اتوقع كذا .. صح ؟؟
Hunayn Ibn Is-haq’s a free method
Napoleon Bonaparte, he brought along with him translators and interpreters to help him communicate with Egyptians
Literary texts tend to have a written fulfill an effective and aesthetic function
accuracy, clarity, naturalness, communication and style
equivalence relevant to literary translation more than it is to scientific and technical translation.
the register and tone of the literary text are of paramount importance to the literary translator
The translation of style is crucial in the context of literature because it defines the writer’s ‘cultural space time’
According to Mumford the production of novel, useful products
Cicero and Horace who both advocated non-literal translation
Susan Bassnett exact translation is impossible
skopos derives from the Greek
Andre Lefevere): phonemic translation, literal translation, metrical translation, poetry into prose, rhymed translation, blank verse translation and interpretation
According to Landers a style is the idiolect of the 16ST author
According to Pendlebury an amalgamation of surprise, simplicity and utter rightness
The meanings of certain words tend to change over time
transferring the poetic form implied in the rhyming and rhythm of the line اعتقد هذا جاء
Source Language, such as Word-for-word translation, Literal Translation, Faithful Translation and Semantic Translation
phonemic unit; the literal meaning; the metre and the rhythm of the ST
Poetry is generally a representation of intense feelings and spontaneous flow of different ideas, written or spoken in a distinctive style with rhythm and rhyming sounds
Poetic translation is considered as writing which captures the spirit or the energy of the original Poem
اخترت الجواب الي فيه both
The main characteristic of poetry is ambiguity, which naturally gives rise to different interpretations
اعتقد هذا بعد جاء
literary short story fulfill an effective or an aesthetic, rather than informational, function
The translator must render “intention by intention
مثل ماقلت بعضها اشتبهت علي , والله يعوضنا في طرق البحث