المحاضرة المباشرة الثالثة 👍🏼�
1) For the English especially, multilingualism is viewed with____ .
a. Superstition and as a support to national unity
b. Suspicion and as a threat to national unity ✅
c. Sophistication and as a threat to international unity
d. Circumcision and as a feat to national unity
2) ____* dangerous, and as a threat to political, social or economic stability.
a. Majority languages and their speakers may be seen as
b. Minority luggage* and their carriers may be seen as
c. Minority languages and their speakers may be seen as ✅
d. Martyr languages and their writers may be seen as
3) High class people usually show _ of English in Britain
a positive attitudes toward non-standard varieties
b. negative attitudes toward non-standard varieties ✅
c. negative aptitude toward standard varieties
d. negative latitude* toward non-standard tidings
4) According to Sacks 1995, identity labels are imposed by people who can be .
a. in a less powerful position
b. in a more powerless position
c. in a more forceful coercion*
d. in a more powerful position ✅
5) __ in which speakers change their speech to make it more similar to that of their hearer.
a. Linguistic maintenance is a process
b. Linguistic divergence is a process
c. Linguistic diseases is a process
d. Linguistic convergence is a process ✅
6) Linguistic maintenance is a process in which their own variety.
a. speakers may choose not to converge, but instead to maintain ✅
b. instructors choose not to maintain, but instead to converge
c. writers may choose not to contain, but instead to diverge
d. listeners choose not to converge, but instead to elevate
7) Linguistic divergence is a process in which _.
a. readers choose to move closer to the linguistic norms of their hearer
b. writers choose not to move away from the linguistic norms of their writers
c. listeners lose money to move away from the musical notes of their harper
d. speakers choose to move away from the linguistic norms of their hearer ✅
8) Choose the correct sentence:
a. Loss of a language can be associated with a loss of cultural fertility.
b. Loss of a luggage cannot be associated with a floss of social ideology.
c. Loss of a language can be associated with a loss of cultural identity. ✅
d. Loss of a language can be disassociated from the loss of political identity.
9) Languages can be lost because _.
a. speakers may choose to shift from one language to another as social conditions change ✅
b. people may learn another language especially French
c. One language may be studied as a course at school or institute.
d. speakers may keep the same language when social conditions change
10) The dialect known as ‘Standard English’ has special status because it is the dialect of* _.
a. governmental and illegal involutions and the dialect of literacy and elevation.
b. governmental and legal elocutions and the dialect of legitimacy and elaboration.
c. governmental and legal institutions and the dialect of literacy and education. ✅
d. governmental and legal interpretations and the dialect of illiteracy and emancipation.
11) The grammar of Standard American _ because it contains multiple negation.
a does not allow a sentence like ‘I didn’t know anything.’
b. does not allow a sentence lik
‘He didn’t know the answer.’
c. does not allow a sentence like ‘She didn’t see nothing.’ ✅
d. does not allow a sentence like ‘We did nothing yesterday.’