�� حل اسئلة علم اللغة الاجتماعي ، الفصل الثاني ١٤٤٠ هـ ، الجزء الاول ��
��It is..... to give an exact linguistic definition of
Standard English because language varies in its use.
- difficult
—-
��E.g. In 1995, the British government launched the ‘Better English Campaign’, whose aim was...... around the country.
to improve standards of spoken English
—-
��Attitudes towards English in the United States have an association with...
national Unity
—
��A. Fasold (1984) describes how the French spoken in Europe is seen to be ....than that spoken in Canada, even by native Canadian French speakers
- more prestigious
——
��People, usually high class, show..... attitudes toward non-standard varieties of English
- negative
——
��Matched guise experiment is a method investigating people’s........to different languages.
- Attitudes
——
��Birmingham accent or southern states accent is linked with....
- Criminality
—-
��lippi-Green show that stereotypes reinforced in the media Example Mexican American are portrayed.....
- negatively
—-
��Giles and Coupland show that .........an influence pupils academic assessment
- teachers perceptions of pupils language
—
��perception of children so called poor speech characteristic lead teacher to make.....
- negative inference about their personality social background
—-
��......may be seen as divisive, even dangerous, and a threat to political, social or economic stability.
- Minority languages and their speakers
——
��......a process where scholars analyze and record the vocabulary and grammatical patterns of a language.
- Codification of Standard English is
—
��....dialect known as the dialect of institutions such as government and the
- Standard English
—-
��One language may be imposed and another suppressed by a dominant
power.
- imperialism language
—-
��Using.... is one of the most obvious linguistic ways of establishing people’s identity.
- names
—
��The further.... we go, the greater the regional variation.
- down the social scale
—-
��Speakers at ....speak Standard English with
very little regional variation.
- the top of the social scale
—-
��Hamlet’s speech is much more poetic than that of the gravediggers. Such poetic language suggests a character’s educated.....
- background and socially superior position.
—-
��.....can be classified into three main groups.
Under five, between twenty and sixty ,over sixty-five
- Age groups
—-
��language characteristic of the under fives
- The pitch of their voice is quite high relative to that of adults.
—-
��Some adjectives seem to ‘belong’ to a particular age group
For the.....
wise, dignified, frail, etc
- elderly
—-
��Ex.Chambers and Trudgill (1980) found that in Norwich, England, the
pronunciation of the ‘e’ in words like bell and tell varied according to the
....of the speaker.
- age
——
��Assumes that English serves as a medium ......who have different mother tongues.
- of integration among different minority
groups
—-
��Language performing..... function is designed to please the senses through
actual or imagined sounds and through metaphor.
- aesthetic
—-
��The..... function is used t It helps in maintaining cohesion within social groups.
- phatic
——
��The..... function of language expresses the speakers’ or writers’ feelings and
attitudes.
- affective
——-
��The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
A community’s cultural experience.... their language.
- shapes
——-
��individuals experience the world based on the....structures they habitually use
- grammatical
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