المناقشة 1:
What is the translation? Can translation become a Since. Disscuss.
Yes, it's become as a since because it's teach in the past and now
as “the replacement of textual material in one language SL by equivalent textual material in another language TL”.
المناقشة 2:
Are all communicators are translators?
Because they receive signals in speech and in writing containing messages encoded in a communication system which is not identical with their own.
المناقشة3:
Does a Translation Theory exist? Discuss
yes it is
• “A Theory is a statement of a general principle, based upon reasoned argument and supported by evidence, that is intended to explain a particular fact, event, or phenomenon.
• A Theory of translation should conform as far as possible to the following criteria: Empiricism, Determinism , Parsimony and Generality.
• Based on the above mentioned concept of theory, Bell (1991, p26) suggests three possible theories of translation depending on the focus of investigation:
1.A theory of translation as process ( i.e. a theory of translating.)
2.A theory of translation as Product (i.e. theory of translated text)
3.A theory of translation as both process and product (i.e. a theory of translating and translation
المناقشة 4 :
Which element is the most important element in translation? Discus
All elements of the translation task, and related to each other ..
The interaction of the six elements of translation
Source Language ==> Source Text ==>
Translator ==> Translated Text ==>The
Language of Translation ==> Target
Languages.
المناقشة 5:
What is the relationship between process and product in Translation?
It is a complex cognitive operation which takes place in the mind of the translator.
2. This operation helps the translator to interpret and extract the meaning of the original text and re-encode this meaning in the target language.
3. It is simply the abstract translating activities that take place in the mind of the translator before the production of the translated text.
المناقشة 6:
How Does culture affect translation? Discuss.
Culture is ‘the way of life and its manifestations that are peculiar to a community that uses a particular language as its means of expression’.
When there is a cultural focus , there is a translation problem due to the cultural ‘gap’ or ‘distance’ between the SL and TL.
For example in terms like: crickets words, camel words, etc.
Universal terms such as ‘table’ ‘mirror’, ‘breakfast’ don’t cause translation problems.
المناقشة 7:
What is the best method of translation and why?
1. Yūĥanna bin Batriq’l s method, the literal way- has some demerits. This is due to the linguistic differences between Arabic and Greek. Arabic, for instance, cannot provide equivalences to all words in Greek. For this reason words like:
falsafa = Philosophy
dĭmūqraťya = democracy
Still exist in Arabic.
2.Ĥunayn bin Isĥaq’> s method –the free way- which has been favoured and preferred to the literal method of bin Batriq, because it gives the translator the liberty to omit what is not necessary and add what is necessary for the understanding of the message to be translated
المناقشة 8:
Why did Translation prosper in the time of Caliph Al-Mamun?
In the time of Caliph Al-Mamun, translation prospered and expanded. He established Dar Al-Ĥikmah (The House of Wisdom) for translators
المناقشة 9:
Discuss the main differences between Translation and Interpreting
-Translation and interpretation are similar to writing and speech. -Translation has to do with written language whereas interpretation has to do with speech. Speech historically preceded written language. -Interpretation was used before translation as a means of communication between people of different languages. -Translation was and is still the main streamline from which interpretation has recently branched out as an independent discipline.
تبقى المناقشة العاشرة مو نازلة في البلااك بورد و الافتراضي ما يفتح معي من أمس عشان كذا ما نزل المناقشات