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معليش نسيت نقطه في المحاضره الأولى اللي هي كومباودنق compounding ..
اللي هي كلمتين تنجمع مع بعض وتكًون معنى سهله جدا ..شوفوا الأمثله تحت ..
بأشرح المثال الأول :
noun + noun : chair + man, girl + friend
هنا ناون مع ناون "مثل شير ومان ..يعني كرسي ورجل ..لكن لو جمعناهم مع بعض شيرمان ..صارت بمعنى رئيس وهكذا بقية الأمثله..
- verb + noun : cook + book, guess + work
- adjectives + nouns : blue + bird, flat + fish
- [noun + adjective : head + long, water + tight
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ندخل ع المحاضره الثانيه :
: Lexical Words
There are four main classes of lexical words: nouns, lexical verbs, adjectives, and adverbs.
: Nouns الأسماء
- Words such as book, girl, gold, information are common nouns. Words such as Sarah, Oslo, Microsoft (names) are proper nouns. Nouns have the following characteristics:
: Lexical Verbs
Words such as admit, build, choose, write are lexical verbs
primary verbs : be, have and do
multi-word verbs : and derived verbs : bring up, rely on, look forward to, itemize, soften
أمثله أخرى:
You ate Chinese food
( has written a letter) ( will be writing tomorrow).
( He writes page after page about tiny details).
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: Adjectives الصفات
Words such as dark, heavy, eager, and guilty are adjectives
ويمكن ان تلحق الصفات بلاحقات مثل
"er و dark ---- darker ---- darkest ) "est )
ويمكن ان تكون كلمات معقده مثل :
e.g. color-blind, home-made, ice-cold).
وكذلك توجد احيانا كصفات رئيسه في الجمله مثل :
e.g. Tomorrow could be a sunny day) (predicative e.g. it is nice and warm in here. It‟s sunny).
ويمكن ان تصف صفات الناس والأشياء والجمادات والمقارنه :
heavy box, he is guilty, the situation is serious
heavier, very heavy, extremely serious.
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: Adverbs الأحوال
Words such as now, there, usually, and finally are adverbs.
Many adverbs are formed from adjectives by adding the suffix –ly: clearly, eagerly Others have no such ending: however, just. A few adverbs allow comparative and superlative forms like those for adjectives: soon --- sooner --- soonest; fast --- faster --- fastest
Adverbs occur as head of adverb phrases: ( very noisily) ( more slowly than I had expected). Adverbs, with or without their own modifiers, are often used as modifiers of an adjective or another adverb: (really old) ( very soon). Otherwise, they can act as adverbials in the clause ( I‟ll see you soon again
As modifiers, adverbs most often express the degree of a following adjective or adverb:
( totally wrong) ( right now). As elements of clauses ( adverbials), adverbs and adverb phrases have a wide range of meanings:
- They can modify an action, process, or state, by expressing such notions as time, place, and manner. ( So I learner German quite quickly) ( She was here earlier today).
- They can convey the speaker‟s or writer‟s attitude towards the information in the rest of the clause. ( Surely that child is not mine !).
- They can express a connection with what was said earlier. ( It must be beautiful, though).
خلصت المحاضره الثانيه ..الكلام الملون واللي عليه خط هو زبدة الموضوع..طبعا لازم تعرفون كيف تفرقون بين الأسم والصفه والحال..وانا كتبت لكم جميع الأمثال اللي في المحتوى..وإن نسيت شي فأعذروني ...لكن بإذن الله انها شامله
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