Internal Change
Internal change is a process that substitutes one non-morphemic segment for another.
وهي التغيير الداخلي للكلمه مثلا هناك كلمات تختلف في الزمن الماضي عن المضارع وفي الجمع والإفراد كما في الأمثله
Sing (present) sang (past)
Sink (present) sank (past)
Drive (present) drove (past)
Foot (singular) feet (plural)
Goose ( singular) geese (plural)
Verbs such as sing, sink, and drive form their past tense by changing the vowel (e.g., from i to a in the first two examples).
The term ABLAUT is often used for vowel alternation that mark grammatical contrast in this way. Ablaut can be distinguished from UMLAUT, which involves the fronting of a vowel under the influence of a front vowel in the following syllable.
Historically, this is what is responsible for the use of feet and geese as plural forms of footand goose.
Compounding
Still another common morphological process in human language involves COMPOUNDING, the
combination of lexical categories (nouns, adjective, verbs, or prepositions) to create a larger word.
الجمع بين الفئات المعجميه اللي هي الاسماء والافعال والصفات وغيرها لإنشاء كلمة اكبر
There are countless compounds in English, some of which are the following:
Street + light (noun +noun )
Book + case (noun + noun )
Blue + bird (adjective + noun )
Happy + hour (adjective + noun )
High + chair ( adjective + noun )
Swear + word (verb + noun )
Scrub + lady (verb + noun )
Over + load (preposition + noun )
Out + house ( preposition + noun )
In + group ( preposition + noun )