بسم الله .. توي ابدأ .. الله يسهل
في ناس كثير يبون اول المحاضرات كنقاط
ف" قلت اذاكر واحط النقاط اللي احسها مهمه
::
اتمنى تكون واضحه ولا احد يدقق بالأسلوب 
::
· المسمى الثاني لـ Children's literature هو juvenile literature
· includes يشمل stories, books, and poems that are enjoyed by children
· Classified يصنف in two different ways:
1 . genre or the intended - 2 . age of the reader
· قبل وجود الطباعه ادب الأطفال كان قصص واغاني شفهيه منتشره على نطاق واسع يحكيها او يغنيها الكبار للصغار
We can trace children's literature back to stories and songs, part of a wider oral tradition, that adults shared with children before publishing existed
· صعب انك تتبع تطور ادب الأطفال القديم ( اللي كان قبل اختراع الطباعه )
The development of early children's literature, before printing was invented, is difficult to trace.
· بعد انتشار الطباعه بشكل كبير :: كثير من قصص الأطفال الكلاسيكيه هي في الأصل مكتوبه للكبار ومن ثم تم تعديلها للصغار او الجماهير الأصغر بالعمر
after printing became widespread, many classic "children's" tales were originally created for adults and later adapted for a younger audience.
· من عام 1400 كميه كبيره من الأدب اللي يكون فيه رساله اخلاقيه او دينه = يستهدف الأطفال تحديدا
Since the 1400s, a large quantity of literature, often with a moral or religious message, has been aimed specifically at children.
· اواخر القرن ال19 وبداية القرن ال20 = عرف بـ العصر الذهبي لأدب الأطفال ( هذي النقطه مهممممممممه احسها بتجي )
The late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries became known as the "Golden Age of Children's Literature"
وبالفتره هذي نشروا كثير من الكتب المعروفه اليوم بعصرنا ( الكلاسيكه )
as this periodincluded the publication of many books acknowledged today as classics.
· تعريف نانسي اندرسون لأدب الأطفال
Nancy Anderson defines children's literature as
"all books written for children, excluding works such as comic books, joke books, cartoon books, and nonfiction works that are not intended to be read from front to back, such as dictionaries, encyclopedias, and other reference materials".
الشخصه هذي من جامعة في جنوب فلوريدا
the College of Education at the University of South Florida
..,