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واجبات نظرية الترجمه
الواجب الاول

1-being preoccupied with the translation of literary texts as a pastime activity, scholars of the last century looked at translation as:

A science
a craft
an art

a profession

translation is considered as2-
a model of explanation
a model of communication

a model of representation
a model of information

the memory of the translator is like3-
a container of good time memories only
a container of records of academic information only
a container of records of future events only
a container of records of past experiences and plans for action

الواجب الثاني
1-translator’s grammatical competence includes: Cohesion in form
coherence in meaning
utterances in context
vocabulary/ word formation,/pronunciation/spelling and sentence structure

2-in modern science the term ‘theory’ refers to a declaration of success in empirical science.
a proposed explanation of empirical phenomena.

a practical illustration of empirical phenomena
an empirical investigation of a real world problem

3-as one of the main characteristics of ‘theory’, ‘empiricism’ means that: It must be to able to predic
it must be testable.

it must be simple.
It must be comprehensive
الواجب الثالث
1(if you want to emphasize the source language in translation, you need to use

communicative translation
adaptation method in your translation.
Idiomatic translation
semantic translation

2) free translation is usually

a paraphrase much longer than the original

a paraphrase as long as the original
a paraphrase shorter than the original
a paraphrase which is the same as the original

3) the term ‘ecology’ covers the following :

3)traditions and habits
activities, procedures, and concepts
flora, fauna, winds and plains

religious rituals and artistic features



4) it would be no exaggeration to call muhammad ali’s time




the period of civilization
the period of translation

the period of communication
the period of enlightenment