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~Ghada · 2014- 5- 20

اقتباس:

المشاركة الأصلية كتبت بواسطة piece of art

بالملزمة الشرح :

implicatures:
CAROL: Are you coming to the party tonight?
LARA: I’ve got an exam tomorrow.
On the face of it, Lara’s statement is not an answer to Carol’s question. Lara doesn’t say Yes or No.
Yet Carol will immediately interpret the statement as meaning “No” or “Probably not.” How can we account
for this ability to grasp one meaning from a sentence that, in a literal sense, means something else? It
seems to depend, at least partially, on the assumption that Lara is being relevant and informative, adhering
to the maxims of Relation and Quantity. (To appreciate this point, try to imagine Carol’s reaction if Lara had
said something like Roses are red, you know.) Given that Lara’s original answer contains relevant
information, Carol can work out that “exam tomorrow” conventionally involves “study tonight,” and “study
tonight” precludes “party tonight.” Thus, Lara’s answer is not simply a statement about tomorrow’s activities,
it contains an implicature (an additional conveyed meaning) concerning tonight’s activities.
المعنى الضمني : ویقصد بھ المعنى اللي نستنجھ من مضمون الكلام .
في المثال كارول تسأل : ھل ستأتي إلى الحفلة اللیلة ؟
جاوبتھا لارا : غدا لدي امتحان < نفھم من كلامھا انھ ( لا ) ما تقدر تروح .

فبالتالي المعنى الضمني ھو أن الشخص ما یعطیني الجواب مباشرة ( نعم أو لا ) ولكن من خلال المضمون أستنتج الجواب

وتعريفة بالكتاب مختصر:

an additional meaning conveyed by a speaker adhering to the co-operative principle

اما coherence:

بالملزمة مع الشرح

Coherence:
The key to the concept of coherence (“everything fitting together well”) is not something that exists
in words or structures, but something that exists in people. It is people who “make sense” of what they read
and hear.
My father bought a Lincoln convertible. The car driven by the police was red. That color doesn’t suit
her. She consists of three letters. However, a letter isn’t as fast as a telephone call.
The property of unity in a written text or a segment of spoken discourse that stems from links among
its underlying ideas and from the logical organization and development of its thematic content

الترابط المنطقي : ویقصد بھ الترابط في المعنى والذي نجده بین الجمل عامة .

لكن تعريف مختصر من الكتاب:

the connections that create a meaningful interpretation of texts

اهم شئ فهم كل تعريف بتعرف المصطلح

زين جبتيه لنا

الكتاب عندي بس ما فتحته ولا ابغى افتحه