Types of Novels
أنواع الروايات
Picaresque تشردي Regional إقليمي/ مناطقي
Epistolary رسائلي Social اجتماعي
Sentimental العاطفة Mystery الغامض
Gothic القوطي ( لغة قوطية) Science Fiction الخيال العلمي
Historical التاريخية Magical Realism الحقيقة السجرية
Psychological نفسي
Realistic/Naturalistic طبيعي/واقعي
*Don Quixote اسم الرواية
*by Miguel de Cervantes الكاتب
*(1547-1616) كتبت بتاريخ
نبذة عنها
First European novel: part I - 1605; part II - 1615
A psychological portrait of a mid-life crisis
Satirizes medieval romances, incorporates pastoral, picaresque, social and religious commentary
What is the nature of reality?
The Princess of Cleves اسم الرواية
*Madame de Lafayette الكاتب
نبذة عنها
First European historical novel – recreates life of 16th c. French nobility at the court of Henri II
First roman d'analyse (novel of analysis), dissecting emotions and attitudes
The Rise of the English Novel ظهور الرواية الانجليزية
متى ظهرت ؟و في أي عهد ؟
The Restoration of the monarchy (1660) in England after the Puritan Commonwealth (1649-1660) encouraged an outpouring of secular literature
Appearance of periodical literature:ظهور الأدب الدوري
journals مصريand newspapers
Literary Criticism
Character Sketches
Political Discussion
Philosophical Ideas
Increased leisure time for middle class: Coffee House and Salon society
Growing audience of literate women
England’s First Professional Female Author:أول مؤلفة في انجلترا من النساء
Aphra Behn
1640-1689
Novels رواياتها
Love Letters between a Nobleman and his sister (1683)
The Fair Jilt (1688)
Agnes de Castro (1688)
Oroonoko (c.1688)
She also wrote many dramas
Daniel Defoe نبذة عن الكاتب دانيال ديفو
Master of plain prose and powerful narrative
Journalistic style: highly realistic detail
Travel adventure: Robinson Crusoe, 1719
Contemporary chronicle: Journal of the Plague Year , 1722
Picaresques: Moll Flanders, 1722 and Roxana
بالآتي رح يتكلم عن أنواع الروايات
1- Picaresque Novels الروايات التشردية
The name comes from the Spanish word picaro: a rogue من أين أتى الاسم
وصف للرواية التشردية
A usually autobiographical chronicle of a rascal’s travels and adventures as s/he makes his/her way through the world more by wits than industry
Episodic, loose structure
Highly realistic: detailed description and uninhibited expression
Satire of social classes
Contemporary picaresques: Jack Kerouac’s On the Road
2-Epistolary Novels الروايات الرسائلية
نبذة عنها
Novels in which the narrative is told in letters by one or more of the characters
Allows the author to present the feelings and reactions of the characters, and to bring immediacy to the plot, also allows multiple points of view
Psychological realism
Contemporary epistolary novels: Alice Walker’s The Color Purple. اسم أحد الروايات المعاصرة الرسائلية
Pioneers of the English Novel رواد الرواية الانجليزية
1- Samuel Richardson
نبذة عن الكاتب
1689-1761
Pamela (1740) and
Clarissa (1747-48)
Epistolary
Sentimental
Morality tale: Servant resisting seduction by her employer
Henry Fielding
نبذة عن الكاتب
1707-1754
Shamela (1741) Joseph Andrews (1742), and Tom Jones (1749)
Picaresque protagonists
“comic epic in prose”
Parody of Richardson
3-The Novel of Manners: رواية الأخلاق و الأدب
Jane Austen جاين اوستن
نبذة عن رواياتها
Novels dominated by the customs, manners, conventional behavior and habits of a particular social class
Often concerned with courtship and marriage
Realistic and sometimes satiric
Focus on domestic society rather than the larger world
Other novelists of manners: Anthony Trollope, Edith Wharton, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Margaret Drabble اسم روائيين أخلاقيين آخرين
4-Gothic Novels الروايات القوطية تكتب هكذا باللغة اللاتينية
وهم قبائل جرمانية شرقية و يشتهرون باللباس الأسود
معلومة من الانترنت
Novels characterized by magic, mystery and horror
Exotic settings – medieval, Oriental, etc.
Originated with Horace Walpole’s Castle of Otranto (1764)نشأت مع
William Beckford: Vathek, An Arabian Tale (1786)
Anne Radcliffe: 5 novels (1789-97) including The Mysteries of Udolpho
Widely popular genre throughout Europe and America: Charles Brockden Brown’s Wieland (1798)
Contemporary Gothic novelists include Anne Rice and Stephen King
رواية قوطية
Frankenstein اسم الرواية
by Mary Shelley الكاتب
1797-1851الزمن
نبذة عنها
One of the most famous gothic novels
Inspired by a dream in reaction to a challenge to write a ghost
story
Published in 1817 (rev. ed. 1831)
Influenced by the Greek myth of Promotheus
Frankenstein is also considered the first science fiction novel
Novels of Sentiment روايات الوجدان
نبذة عنها
Novels in which the characters, and thus the readers, have a heightened emotional response to events
Connected to emerging Romantic movement متصلة بأي حركة؟
أسماء روايات الوجدان و كتابها
Laurence Sterne: Tristram Shandy (1760-67)
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: The Sorrows of Young Werther (1774)
Francois Rene de Chateaubriand: Atala (1801) and Rene (1802)
The Brontës: Anne Brontë Agnes Grey (1847) Emily Brontë, Wuthering Heights (1847), Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre (1847)
نهاية المحاضرة الأولى