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types of novels
أنواع الروايات
 picaresque تشردي regional إقليمي/ مناطقي
 epistolary رسائلي social اجتماعي
 sentimental العاطفة mystery الغامض
 gothic القوطي ( لغة قوطية) science fiction الخيال العلمي
 historical التاريخية magical realism الحقيقة السجرية
 psychological نفسي
 realistic/naturalistic طبيعي/واقعي

*don quixote اسم الرواية
*by miguel de cervantes الكاتب
*(1547-1616) كتبت بتاريخ
نبذة عنها
 first european novel: Part i - 1605; part ii - 1615
 a psychological portrait of a mid-life crisis
 satirizes medieval romances, incorporates pastoral, picaresque, social and religious commentary
 what is the nature of reality?

the princess of cleves اسم الرواية
*madame de lafayette الكاتب
نبذة عنها
 first european historical novel – recreates life of 16th c. French nobility at the court of henri ii
 first roman d'analyse (novel of analysis), dissecting emotions and attitudes

the rise of the english novel ظهور الرواية الانجليزية
متى ظهرت ؟و في أي عهد ؟
 the restoration of the monarchy (1660) in england after the puritan commonwealth (1649-1660) encouraged an outpouring of secular literature
 appearance of periodical literature:ظهور الأدب الدوري
journals مصريand newspapers
literary criticism
character sketches
political discussion
philosophical ideas
 increased leisure time for middle class: Coffee house and salon society

 growing audience of literate women

england’s first professional female author:أول مؤلفة في انجلترا من النساء
aphra behn
1640-1689
novels رواياتها
 love letters between a nobleman and his sister (1683)
 the fair jilt (1688)
 agnes de castro (1688)
 oroonoko (c.1688)
 she also wrote many dramas

 daniel defoe نبذة عن الكاتب دانيال ديفو
 master of plain prose and powerful narrative
 journalistic style: Highly realistic detail
 travel adventure: Robinson crusoe, 1719
 contemporary chronicle: Journal of the plague year , 1722
 picaresques: Moll flanders, 1722 and roxana
بالآتي رح يتكلم عن أنواع الروايات
1- picaresque novels الروايات التشردية
 the name comes from the spanish word picaro: A rogue من أين أتى الاسم
وصف للرواية التشردية
 a usually autobiographical chronicle of a rascal’s travels and adventures as s/he makes his/her way through the world more by wits than industry
 episodic, loose structure
 highly realistic: Detailed description and uninhibited expression
 satire of social classes
 contemporary picaresques: Jack kerouac’s on the road

2-epistolary novels الروايات الرسائلية
نبذة عنها
 novels in which the narrative is told in letters by one or more of the characters
 allows the author to present the feelings and reactions of the characters, and to bring immediacy to the plot, also allows multiple points of view
 psychological realism
 contemporary epistolary novels: Alice walker’s the color purple. اسم أحد الروايات المعاصرة الرسائلية

pioneers of the english novel رواد الرواية الانجليزية
1- samuel richardson
نبذة عن الكاتب
1689-1761
pamela (1740) and
clarissa (1747-48)
 epistolary
 sentimental
 morality tale: Servant resisting seduction by her employer
henry fielding
نبذة عن الكاتب
1707-1754
shamela (1741) joseph andrews (1742), and tom jones (1749)
 picaresque protagonists
 “comic epic in prose”
 parody of richardson

3-the novel of manners: رواية الأخلاق و الأدب
jane austen جاين اوستن
نبذة عن رواياتها
 novels dominated by the customs, manners, conventional behavior and habits of a particular social class
 often concerned with courtship and marriage
 realistic and sometimes satiric
 focus on domestic society rather than the larger world
 other novelists of manners: Anthony trollope, edith wharton, f. Scott fitzgerald, margaret drabble اسم روائيين أخلاقيين آخرين

4-gothic novels الروايات القوطية تكتب هكذا باللغة اللاتينية
وهم قبائل جرمانية شرقية و يشتهرون باللباس الأسود
معلومة من الانترنت
 novels characterized by magic, mystery and horror
 exotic settings – medieval, oriental, etc.
 originated with horace walpole’s castle of otranto (1764)نشأت مع
william beckford: Vathek, an arabian tale (1786)
 anne radcliffe: 5 novels (1789-97) including the mysteries of udolpho
 widely popular genre throughout europe and america: Charles brockden brown’s wieland (1798)
 contemporary gothic novelists include anne rice and stephen king
رواية قوطية
frankenstein اسم الرواية
by mary shelley الكاتب
1797-1851الزمن
نبذة عنها
 one of the most famous gothic novels
 inspired by a dream in reaction to a challenge to write a ghost
story
 published in 1817 (rev. Ed. 1831)
 influenced by the greek myth of promotheus
 frankenstein is also considered the first science fiction novel

novels of sentiment روايات الوجدان
نبذة عنها
 novels in which the characters, and thus the readers, have a heightened emotional response to events
 connected to emerging romantic movement متصلة بأي حركة؟
أسماء روايات الوجدان و كتابها
 laurence sterne: Tristram shandy (1760-67)
 johann wolfgang von goethe: The sorrows of young werther (1774)
 francois rene de chateaubriand: Atala (1801) and rene (1802)
 the brontës: Anne brontë agnes grey (1847) emily brontë, wuthering heights (1847), charlotte brontë, jane eyre (1847)


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