تكملة المحاضره 13
-- (b1) Measures of centrality :
- where you have cases that have been put in categories, is the category that the greatest proportion of people chose or fell in = the highest score that my participant selected.
اي وين اكثر تجمع للمشاركين هل عند الايجابين او السلبين اوالمحايدين واللي حصد اكثر معدل
- we want to know where our data are centered so we can describe them or we can depend on them to reach a result.
نبي نعرف وين بياناتنا متركزه عشان نعرف نصفها ونصل الى نتيجة البحث
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-- (b2) Measures of variation :
Standard Deviation = is how to separate the score from each other (score here is the participant answers ; are they close to each other or not )
اعطى عليها مثال
اكثر المشاركين مثلا بين السلبين والمحايدين نبي نعرف المسافه بين نتيجتهم وكم المسافه للايجابين
النتيجة الحاصل عليها من العمليات الحسابيه اذا كانت كبيره نقول عنهم
They separate
واذا الرقم صغير نقول عنهم
They are very close to each other
بعدها قال اهم شي يجب ان تعرفونه
1- We want the presentation to be simple and easy
2- You know the main is very important because based on the main we can have a result
3- Standard Deviation is how closely or far the participants
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Measures of difference.
Let say you have differences in the answers
شرح لنا مثال استخدام الكمبيوتر في تعليم اللغة الانجليزية
You have teachers in your school and you ask them this question:
What do you think of using computers in classroom?
And then you get some saying well its very affective,I like it
Some saying no,its not affective,I don’t like it
So you have 2 answers here either they like it or they don’t like it
When you calculated how many said I like it and how many said I don’t like
You get for example this result
40 saying like- 38 saying don’t
We have difference here- but can you say there is a real difference in the opinion?
No
لان اللاختلاف فقط بمدرسين يعني تقريبا هم متساوين بالراي فما نقدر نقول انهم رفضوا او وافقوا نقول نصهم وافق والنص الثاني رفض
لكن لو كانت وحده من النسب =28 هنا نحتاج الى الكمبيوتر لحساب
Measures of difference
لانه صار فيه
A real difference between 28-40
Because you want reach to a level call # Level of significance
It's should be something like ".05" It's called "p = Probability significance " < we get this number by computer (special programmes)
- If you get this number ".05" and less then it's called in research significance difference>this is what we are looking for in research.
- If you get this number ".05" and above then NO!! it's not significance difference ; we can't say there is a different
ركزوا على الرقم عدل واحفظووه
-- (b4) Measures of relationship :
ذكر مثالين عليها واحد استخدام الكمبيوتر في تعلم الانجليزيه
The more you use the computers in learning English the higher the score you get in the final exam
The relationship between using computers and getting higher marks
مثال اخر
You want to prove if your age is young you are going learn English faster than who older in age
The relationship between age and learning English
**These quantify the amount of relationship between two (or more) variables as measured in the same group of people or whateverبهذا الجزء هذه الجمله فقط هي المطلوبه معنا والباقي قراءه لزيادة المعلومات
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(b) Inferential statistics :
هنا تكلم عن الاحصائيات وان لها عدة اسماء
It's deal with P valueاذا ابي اطلع القيمة حقت البي اجيبها من الكمبيوتر<<
قال اهم شي نعرف ان
Sometimes We use inferential statistics to reach P value
# the level of certainty :
is about what inferential stats tells you that you will be satisfied with.
بدأ يشرح لنا بان النتائج ماراح تكون 100%
** No inferential stats give you 100% certainty of anything after we do research we can't be 100% certain that are these result 100% perfect NO!! ; you should have some margin of errors and this calculated to be 5% at least in your research … you can be 95% that your result are good.
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# Significance tests :
We use it for just to give us a poised or confidence that we can say (yes we are have a real difference or a real relationship ) << "How??" through the Level of significance
نستخدمها لمجرد أن تعطينا الثقة التي تمكننا من أن نقول (نعم نحن لدينا فرق حقيقي أو علاقة حقيقية) << "كيف ؟؟" من خلال مستوى الدلالة
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انتهت المحاضرات والمحاضره رقم 14 مراجعه
اتمنى اكون وفقت في الشرح وان شاءالله قريبا نبدأ حل الأسئلة حبيت اشرحها مره وحده عشان اللي ما درسها يلحق ويدرسها باقي وقت ..