Thank u

Notes

(5) Base Shortening

A- Backformation
- Is a word-formation process in which a word of one type (usually a noun) is reduced to form another
word of a different type (usually a verb).
Edit (V) from editor (N).
Televise from television
Donate from donation
Opt from option
Enthuse from enthusiasm

B- Clipping
- Here, we shorten a word without changing its meaning or its part of speech.
- This occurs, for example, when a word of more than one syllable (e.g. telephone) is reduced to a shorter form
(phone), often in casual speech.
Examples:
Polio from Poliomyelitis
Lab. from Laboratory
Cab. Cabriolet
Ad. Advertisement
Fan. Fanatic
Sitcom. Situation Comedy
Exam. Examination
Prof. Professor
- Names as well are sometimes clipped by English speakers as in
Sam. from Samuel
Tom. Thomas
Rick. Richard

(6) Alphabet Based Formations

A- Blending
- Here, we merge two words by taking only the beginning of one word and joining it to the end of the other
word.
Examples
Stagflation = stagnation + inflation
Slanguage = slang + language
Bit = binary+ digit
Brunch = breakfast + lunch
Motel = motor + hotel
Smog = smoke + fog
- To refer to the mixing of languages
Spanglish = Spanish + English
Franglais = French + English

B- Acronyms
- They are words that are coined from the initial letters of words in a name, title or phrase.
- Typically, acronyms are pronounced as single words
Example
AIDS = acquired immunity deficiency syndrome.
CD = compact disk
PIN = personal identification number
VCR = video cassette recorder
Laser = light amplification of stimulated emission of radiation
Radar = radio detecting and ranging
ATM = automatic teller machine