هنا كل محاضره فيها كذا نقطه ننتبه عليها طبعا بالاضافه لباقي المحتوى
المحاضره الاولى
فيه تعريفين
التعريف الاول :
Lingua franca
a language that is adopted as a common language between speakers who native languages are different
التعريف الثاني:
AL is the academic discipline that is concerned with the relation of knowledge
about language to decision making in the real world .
المحاضره 2
Translation and interpretation
Translation: written text
interpretation :spoken language
Thesauri تكلم في المحاضره وذكر شنو هو
Thesauri
Is a reference work that lists words group together a coording to similarty of meaning(containig synomys and sometimes antonyms)
المحاضره 3
الفرق بين
Chomsky vs .Sociolinguistics
Chomsky internal language is biological rather than social
Sociolinguisticsthe focus of this field is very much upon the relationship between
language and society
language and society
المحاضره 4
الفرق بين
(Standard vs. Dialect)
The standard: is generally used in written communication, taught in schools and codified
in dictionaries and grammar books.
Dialects are regional and social-class varieties of the language which differ from the
standard in pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary, and are seldom written down at all.
الفرق بين
Description :Saying what does happen
Prescription :saying what ought to happen
two waters
Science
قال عنهم انهم
describe
المحاضره 5
If there was never any deviation from the norm, then languages would never change
It can be regarded as a dominant dialect which, forpolitical rather than linguistic
If a single standard was absolute and unassailable then regional standards would
never gain independence
- Some supposedly correct forms, in the standard variety, have been invented and
imposed by grammarians through analogy with another language
المحاضره 6
first language acquisition is effortless
النقطتين المهمه لاكتساب اللغه
ready to acquire language
experience with language in the environment.
'Language acquisition device' LAD internal processes
شنو ال
positive evidence
The primary purpose of the child's linguistic environment is to provide information
about the language the child is acquiring
ومنو اللي يجلبونها؟
Parents, care-takers, siblings, and other people who interact with the child
المحاضره 7
Children mostly hear ‘positive evidence’ or input and rarely hear ‘negative evidence’ or
ungrammatical language
all children acquire languages at similar
rates.
Hearing begins to develop around 18 weeks of gestation
2nd six months: Babbling
‘holophrastic period’= one-word-stage< First word -12-18 months< milk = I want milk
Underextension is a case in which the child will acquire a word for a particular thing and
fail to extend it to other subjects in the same category <flower X rose
Overextension is when the child will extend a word incorrectly to other similar things< dog= cat