المحاضره 8
media editors must choose which events to cover, how much space to devote to eachand which facts to emphasize or omit .
someone on diet might find ’90% fat-free’ more attractive
AL attempts to analyse language and raise people’s awareness about
these manipulations
The analysis of such language and its effects is known as critical linguistics
المحاضره 9
Concordance patterns
هنا تجي الكلمة اللي نبحث عنها في جملة اللي انكتبت فيها
a list of all of the occurrences of a particular search term in
a corpus, presented within the context that they occur in
Collocations
هذي عباره عن كلمتين تجي ملازمة لبعض ويكون لها معنى مثلا:
take a break
take a chance
take a look
take a rest
take a seat
هنا راح تجيني قائمة بالكلمات الملازمه ل
Take
ويكونمقابل كل كلمة
Freq
وهي مرات عدد تكرار هذه الكلمة
المحاضره 10
هنا في المحاضره يتكلم عن اللغه الثانيه وشلون يكتسبه الفرد
انا عشان افهمها واحفظها تخيلت نفسي مدرسه وهنا لما اجي اعلم المتعلم اللي معاي لغه غير لغته الام راح يكون عندي كذا سؤال شلون انجح في تعليمه
الاسئلة هذي راح تنقسم عندي لفئات بمعنى راح ادرس طريقة تدريسي له مثلا
1- الفئة الاولى :راح تكون عن المتعلم نفسه وشنو خصائصه
ask questions about the learners themselves
والاسئلة هذي مثل:
who are language learners?
we can ask questions about their ethnicity, native language, level of
education, abilities, strengths/ weaknesses, and personality.
2-اسال عن اللغه وعناصرها علشان افهم شلون راح تأثر على تعلمها ومن هذي الاسئلة
What is language?
what are the similarities/ differences between learners’ first language and the second language being learned?
What properties of the L2 might be difficult for a learner to master?
3-هنا في هذي الفئة راح اسال عن صفة الطرق اللي يقدر من خلالها يكتسب المتعلم لغته الثانيه واعرف شنو الاستراتيجات المتبعه في تدريسها
What cognitive processes are used in second language learning? what strategies are
available to L2 learners? how important are factors like frequency, attention to
form/meaning, and memory?
الفقره الرابعه راح نسال سؤال عن العمر هل له اثر في اكتساب اللغه الثانيه؟
واللي راح نستنتجه بالعموم ان
children are better in the long run
الفئة الخامسه وهذي من اهم الفئات اللي يعتمد عليها نجاح الشخص في تعلم اللغه لانها تعطيه دافع قوي في اكتسابها الا وهي الغايه اي الهدف الليدفعه لتعلم اللغه الثانيه وممكن تكون مثلا:
getting a job, school requirement, or wishing to identify closely to the culture and
people of the L2
الفئة الاخيره المتغيرات التعليميه
هنا الاسئله راح تساعدني كمدرسه في اختيار الطريقه الصحيحه في التدريس
Is ‘natural’ L2 acquisition more effective than learning an L2 in schools? Is there any role
of instruction (i.e. teaching)? What are the effects of teaching methods ,textbooks, and
teacher styles? What is the role of teachers?
المحاضره 11
The direct method:Grammar rules are avoided and there is emphasis on good pronunciation.
- Grammar Translation method does virtually nothing to enhance a student’s communicative ability in the language…why?
1- Classes are taught in the mother tongue; little use of the L2.
2- Much vocabulary taught in the form of lists of isolated words.
3- Reading of difficult classical texts.
4- Occasional drills and exercises in translating sentences from L1 to L2.
5- Little or no attention to pronunciation.
- Audiolingual method (ALM): There is an overemphasis on oral production drills
Communicative language teaching (CLT): Fluency and acceptable language is the primary goal
Task-based language teaching (TBLT): TBLT is currently popular
cooperative language learning: (e.g. groups ,cooperating/competing to accomplish language tasks).