2014- 12- 30
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#110
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أكـاديـمـي ذهـبـي
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رد: &&& مجـــــلس مــــذاكرة (مدخل الى اللغويات ).. يوم الاختبار الثلاثاء 8-3-1436
المحاضره 5
Morphology is the study of word formation
The basic unit in the study of morphology morpheme
A morpheme or morph is a minimal unit of meaning or grammatical function
انواع المورفيم
نوعين
Free and bound morphemes.
مستقله ومقيده
Free morphemes are morphemes that can stand by themselves as single words.
For example: open and tour
يمكن استخدامها بشكل منفصل بدون اضافات ودايم تكون اسم او فعل او صفه
Bound morphemes are morphemes that cannot normally stand alone and are typically attached to another form.
مثل
re-, -ist, -ed, -s (prefixes and suffixes)
المورفيمات المستقله لها نوعان
معجمي و وظيفي
Lexical morphemes: ordinary nouns, adjectives, and verbs that we think of as the words that carry the “content” of the messages we convey.
وتسمى مفتوحه
Functional morphemes: conjunctions, prepositions, articles and pronouns.
تسمى مغلقه
والمورفيمات المقيده لها نوعين مشتقه و صرفيه
Bound morphemes consist of two categories
Derivational morphemes are used to make new words.
المورفيمات المشتقه غالبا تكون من السفكس والبريفكس
Inflectional morphemes are used to indicate aspects of grammatical function of a word. English has only eight inflectional morphemes.
عددها 8
ملكيه مثل Jim’s
جمع مثل sisters
مفرد غائب likes
مضارع laughing.
مااضي liked
تصريف ثالث للافعال taken
مقارنه loudest
تفضيل quieter
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