المحاضره الاولى
the origin of word " translation " is the latin word >" translatus" > which means " transferred".o
meaning of english verb to -translate- is
" to express or be capable of being expressed in another language or dialec "
in french it means " traduction as a noun " and traduire as a verb
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- Catford (1965): defines translation as : the replacement of textual material in one language SL by equivalent textual material in another language TL
- Newmark (1982): defines it as : a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message and/or statement in one language by the same message and/or statement in another language
نظريتين - Bell (1991) mentions two views:
1هوايه ) looks at it as an art
2 مهنه ) looks at it as a profession
- In the present sense of the word translation is : a generic term used to refer to the process of rendering a text in one language into an equivalent text in another
- Bell (1991) seems suggest a more comprehensive definition of translation which stress the dimension of semantic and stylistic equivalence in translation :
1- Translation is the replacement of a representation of a text in one language by a representation of an equivalent text in a second language
2- Another advanced definition by Etchnia Arjona (Gerver 1977) : Translation is a generic term for the interlingual, sociolinguistic and cultural transfer for any message from one community to another through various modes of written, oral, or mechanical means or combinations thereof
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- According to Bell , a good translation is : that in which the merit of the original work is so completely transfused into another language, as to be as distinctly apprehended, and as strongly felt, by a native of the country to which that language belongs, as it is by those who speak the language of the original work.
أن يشتمل النص المُترجم على جميع خصائص و فضائل النص الأصلي كي يصل بوضوح و يٌستشعر بقوّة لدى السكان الأصليين للنص الأصلي كما لأولئك الذين يتحدون لغة العمل الأصلي
- There are Three Laws of a Good Translation : • That the Translation should give a completetranscript of the ideas of the original work.
• That the style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original.
• That the Translation should have all the ease of the original composition.
Translation as process and product.
In other words : It is the abstract concept which encompasses both the process of translation and the product of that process
أنها مفهوم مجرد يشمل كل من عمليه الترجمه و عمليه الإنتاج
- Translating : is the process for example (to translate; it is the activity rather than the tangible object)
هذي جاتing يعني في حاله عمل يعني process <<< يعني فيها نشاط ملموس
- Translation : is the product of the process of translating for example ( the translated text)
اما هذي فـ هي نتيجه عمليه الترجمه
اللي بلون مختلف للتسهيل والتفريق بينهم للي مايمديه يحفظ