هذي شرح مختصر للمحاضرة 7
العناصر الادبية
النمط هو اختيار المولف ترتيب الكلمات من اجل خلق الحبكة, الاوصاف, الاعداد. الموضوع
Style: Author’s choice and arrangement of words in order to create plot, characterizations, setting, and theme.
اجهزة النمط
Devices of Style:
الدلالات هي معنى ترابطي او عاطفي للكلمة
Connotation: Associative or emotional meaning of a word
الصور هي نداء الاحساس وخلق الاعداد
Imagery: the appeal of the senses; helps to create setting,
اللغة المجازية كلمات تستخدم بطريقة غير حرفيه
Figurative Language: Words used in a non-literal way,
وهي مثل التجسيد, التشبيه و الاستعاره
personification, simile, or metaphor
المبالغة تستخدم للفكاهه
Hyperbole: exaggeration used for humor
الاستهانة عكس المبالغة
Understatement: opposite of exaggeration
التلميح يكون اكثر معنى للقراء الناضجين يتكلم عن ماضينا وادبنا
Allusion: tends to have more meaning for mature readers; relies on a reference to something in our common understanding, our past, or our literature
الرمز يعمل على مستويين من المعنى
Symbol: something that operates on two levels
اجهزة الصوت
Devices of Sound:
هي المحاكاة الصوتية, الجناس, الانسجام والنغمة
Onomatopoeia, Alliteration, Consonance and Tone
المحاكاة الصوتية هي الكلمات اللي من شكلها تحسه معناها
Onomatopoeia: words that sounds like their meaning. E.g. splash, wow, gush, buzz," "crash," "whirr,“ "hiss," "purr," "hush," "boom
الجناس تكرار صوت حرف العلة المماثل داخل العبارة
Alliteration: repetition of a similar vowel sound within a phrase . E.g. sweet smell of success, a dime a dozen, bigger and better, jump for joy
الانسجام تكرار الاغلاق في صوت ساكن داخل العبارة
Consonance: close repetition of a consonant sound within a phrase but not in the initial position. E.g. "first and last," "odds and ends," "short and sweet," "a stroke of luck,"
النغمة هي موقف الكاتب تجاه ماكتب
Tone: the author’s attitude toward what he or she has written. Ex) humor, mysterious, creepy, straight-forward, matter-of-fact, exciting, boring, etc.
الصداقه شي مشترك بين الاطفال
مثل قصة الغرباء كتبتها سوزان
وقصة فال سيء كتبها تشارلز
Friendship is a very common need for children and therefore, any book that uses this theme is desirable reading. An example is "The Outsiders" by Susan Hinton which deals with friendship as part of gang life.
Another book on this theme is "Bad Fall" by Charles Crawford
Outsiders by Susan Hinton
Bad Fall by Charles Crawford
Book use Friendship theme
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Everywhere by Bruce Brook
The Stone-Faced Boy by Paula Fox
Example of Family theme
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The Gold Cadillac by Mildred D. Taylor
Lilies of the Field by William Barrett
Example of Prejudice theme
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Charley Skedaddle by Patricia Beatty
The Moon Bridge by Marcia Saving
Old Yeller by Fread Gipson
Example of Growing Up theme
دعواتكم لي