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Vowels
While the consonant sounds are mostly articulated via closure or obstruction in
the vocal tract, vowel sounds are produced with a relatively free flowof air. They
are all typically voiced. To describe vowel sounds, we consider the way in which
the tongue influences the ‘shape’ through which the airflow must pass. To talk
about a place of articulation, we think of the space inside the mouth as having a
front versus a back and a high versus a low area. Thus, in the pronunciation of
heat and hit, we talk about ‘high, front’ vowels because the sound is made with
the front part of the tongue in a raised position.
In contrast, the vowel sound in hat is produced with the tongue in a lower
position and the sound in hot can be described as a ‘low, back’ vowel. The
next time you’re facing the bathroom mirror, try saying the words heat, hit, hat,
hot. For the first two, your mouth will stay fairly closed, but for the last two,
your tongue will move lower and cause your mouth to open wider. (You may
also notice, the next time you’re getting some, that the sounds of relaxation and
pleasure typically contain lower vowels.)
The terminology for describing vowel sounds in English (e.g. ‘high front’)
is usually based on their position in a chart, like the one shown here, which
provides a means of classifying the most common vowel sounds. Following the
chart is a list of the sounds with some examples of familiar words that, for a
lot of American English speakers, most of the time, contain those sounds. The
list of examples goes from a high front vowel through to a low back vowel and
ends with three diphthongs.
* هذه القاعدة ركز عليها الأستاذ كثيراُ
وراح اختصر كل الكلام اللي مكتوب فوق بأن في أسفل صفحه 38 يوجد كلمات ثم حرف بين قوسين فمضلا نأخذ الاول
eat, key, see = i الحرف i معناته كأني انطق الكلمه بهذا الحرف فمثلا see تكتب هكذا /sin/
وهكذا في بقية الكلمات ومهم جداُ ان نعرف كيف تكتب بأستخدام هذه الطريقه وتوجد كل كلمه في القاموس طريقه كتابة الاصوات الحركيه