lecture 4 part 1
1)what was Aristotle considered to be ?
very easy compared to Plato
2)who was easier to incorporate in Western literary and philosophical systems ?
Aristotle
3)what is the foundation of artistic, dramatic and literary practice ?
Aristotle’s analysis of Tragedy in the Poetics
4) what do western scholars who dislike Plato’s discussion of poetry think of Aristotle ?
they are usually full of praise for Aristotle
5)who said “When Aristotle comes to challenge his great master and speaks up for art, his attitude to the work of imitation is altogether more respectful.” ?
John Jones
6) who is meant by great master?
Plato
7) who said “One must keep in mind Plato’s devaluation of mimesis in order to appreciate the impact of the repairs Aristotle undertook.” ?
Wolfgang Iser
8) what did he mean by mimesis?
art
9) what did Aristotle repair?
what Plato destroyed
10) who said “Plato is known to have had shifting opinions on art depending on whether he thought art was useful for or detrimental to his ideal state. Aristotle’s was also an aesthetics of effect, but a more enlightened and dehumanised one.” ?
Theodor Adorno
11)what is Aristotle considered to be in Western cultures ?
the unchallenged authority on poetry and literature
12) who is the ‘czar of literary criticism”?
Aristotle
13) who said that Aristotle was the ‘czar of literary criticism”?
Gerald Else
14) who wrote The Poetics ?
Aristotle
15) what is The Poetics considered to be ?
it has for centuries functioned as the most authoritative book of literary criticism
16) what is the Bible of literary criticism ?
The Poetics
17) what is tragedy ?
is an imitation of an action that is serious, complete, and of a certain magnitude
18)there are several kinds of artistic ornaments found in plays ,what is their form?
action , not narrative .
19)what do tragedies arouse?
pity and fear
20) how many parts do we have to determine the quality of a Tragedy ?
6 parts
21) what are the parts ?
plot - characters - diction - thought - spectacle - melody
22)what is tragedy ? مو إعاده في عدة تعاريف و صفات للتراجدي
it is the “imitation of an action (mimesis) according to the law of probability or necessity
22) who said Tragedy “shows” you an action rather than “tells” you about it?
Aristotle
23) why does a Tragedy arouses pity and fear ?
The audience identifies with the characters, feels their pain and their grief and rejoices at their happiness.
24) what is the first principle of the Tragedy ?
the plot
25) what is a plot?
Aristotle defines plot as “the arrangement of the incidents.”
26) is Aristotle talking about the story itself?
no he’s talking about the way the incidents are presented to the audience, the structure of the play
27) in what sequence is the plot arranged?
cause-effect sequence
28) tragedies where the outcome depends on a tightly constructed cause-and-effect chain of actions are superior to what ?
superior to those that depend primarily on the character and personality of the hero/protagonist
29)what must the plot be ?
a whole
30) what does a whole mean ?
it should have a beginning, middle, and end
31) what is the beginning called?
incentive moment
32) what does the incentive moment start ?
the cause-and-effect chain
33) what is the middle called?
the climax
34) what causes the climax?
it is caused by earlier incidents and itself causes the incidents that follow it
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