lecture 4 part 2
what is the end called ?
the resolution
2) what causes the resolution ?
it’s caused by the preceding events but doesn’t lead to other incidents
3) what does the resolution do?
The resolution should therefore solve or resolve the problem created during the incentive moment
4) what does Aristotle call the cause-and-effect chain leading from the incentive moment to the climax ?
the tying up
5) what is “tying up “called in modern terminology?
the complication
6) what does he call the cause-and-effect chain from the climax to the resolution ?
the unravelling
7) what is “unravelling” called in modern terminology?
dènouement
8) what should the plot be?
complete and should have unity of action
9) what does Aristotle mean by that ?
that the plot must be structurally self-contained, with the incidents bound together by internal necessity, each action leading inevitably to the next with no outside intervention
9)what are the worst kind of plots ,according to Aristotle?
episodic
10)what does episodic mean?
which the episodes or acts succeed one another without probable or necessary sequence”
11)what ties the events together in that kind of plot?
the fact that they happen to the same person
12) what should playwrights and poets stay away from ?
coincidence and the irrational
The plot must be “of a certain magnitude,” both quantitatively (length, complexity) and qualitatively (“seriousness” and universal significance).
13)what are some characteristics that Aristotle thinks the plot should have or don't have ?
should not be too brief
should have a lot on incidents and themes
those incidents and themes should be brought together in organic unity
it should be universal and significant
14) what is the result of having more incidents and themes?
the greatness the artistic value and richness of the play increases
15) what is the result of if being universal and significant ?
it can catch and hold the emotions of the audience
16)what should the character support ?
the plot
17)what should the personal motivation of the characters be connected to?
it should be an intricately connected part of the cause-and-effect chain of actions that produce pity and fear in the audience .
18) what qualities should characters in tragedy’s have ?
“good or fine” - the hero should be an aristocrat
• “true to life” - he/she should be realistic and believable.
• “consistency” - Once a character's personality and motivations are established, these should continue throughout the play.
• “necessary or probable” - must be logically constructed according to “the law of probability or necessity” that govern the actions of the play.
• “true to life and yet more beautiful,” - idealized, ennobled.
19) what does Aristotle say about thought ?
Aristotle says little about thought ,what he has to say is associated with how speeches should reveal character
20) what would this category include ?
the themes of a play.
21) what is Diction ?
Diction is “the expression of the meaning in words” which are proper and appropriate to the plot, characters, and end of the tragedy
22) what is Aristotle interested in?
metaphors
23) who says the following “the greatest thing by far is to have a command of metaphor; . . . it is the mark of genius, for to make good metaphors implies an eye for resemblances.” ?
Aristotle
24) what is “song”?
Song, or melody is the musical element of the chorus
25) what is Aristotle’s point of view on it?
1)the Chorus should be fully integrated into the play like an actor
2)should not be “mere interludes,” but should contribute to the unity of the plot
26) what is the least future connected to literature ?
Spectacle
27) what does the production of Spectacle effects depend on ?
more on the art of the stage machinist than on that of the poet
28) what does Aristotle think of using Spectacle?
he argues that superior poets rely on the inner structure of the play rather than spectacle to arouse pity and fear
29) who said the following those who rely heavily on spectacle “create a sense, not of the terrible, but only of the monstrous.” ?
Aristotle
30) what is Katharsis ?
an Aristotelian term that has generated considerable debate
31)what does Katharsis mean ?
purging
32)what is it’s purpose?
the aesthetic pleasure one gets from contemplating the pity and fear that are aroused through an intricately constructed work of art.