2015- 11- 9
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#38
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مميزة مستوى 8 E
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بح خلاص
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Stockwell, Bowen, and Martin
who posited what they called a hierarchy of difficulty by which a
teacher or linguist could make a prediction of the relative difficulty of a
given aspect of the target language.
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Vigil and Oller
provided a formal account of fossilization as a
factor of positive and negative affective and cognitive feedback.
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نطاق التطوير النسبي
zone of proximal development (ZPD
advanced by Vygotsky

First Language Acquisition
behaviorist position would claim that children come into the world with a
tabula rasa,
تبوله على راسه هههههه
Tabula rasa = " blank slate" in English

The Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis (CAH) فرضية التحليل التبايني
CAH claimed that the principal barrier to second language acquisition is the interference of the first language system with the second language system,

clinical linguistics
is the study and treatment of speech and communication impairments, whether
Fossilization is a normal and natural stage for many learners,
and should not be viewed as some sort of terminal illness
Vigil and Oller=fossilization

workplace communication
is the study of how language is used in the workplace, and how it contributes to the nature and power relations of
different types of work.
language planning
is the making of decisions, often supported by legislation, about the official status of languages and their institutional use,
including their use in education.

Affective information
is primarily encoded in terms of kinesic mechanisms
such as gestures, tone of voice, and facial expressions,
..
while cognitive information is usually conveyed by means of linguistic devices
(sounds, phrases, structures, discourse).

Elicitation=self-correct

Applied linguistics = with the relation of knowledge
linguistics = with the study of language
   
كويز لاختبار السمستر الي راح طبعا لنفس الدكتور السقوفي 
شكرا دوريمي ي حبيبة ألبي أنا     
من هنا ( )
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