lecture 6 part 1
renaissance humanists realised that the Latin they spoke was what?
was different from classical Latin
2)because of that language was practically established as what?
a historical phenomenon
3)for Dante language was what ?
divinely instituted, and the connection of words and things and the rules of grammar were not arbitrary
4)who established the fact that meaning in language is created by humans and shaped by history ?
Italian humanists
5)when did they establish that fact ?
by the 1414s
6) who believed in this fact?
Lorenzo Valla
7)the realisation of the difference between medieval and classical Latin created what ?
a short era of intense neo-Latin imitation
8) who advocated the revival of ancient Latin ?
humanists
9)why did they want to revive ancient latin ?
Latin had to become, again, the natural and familiar mode of organising experience for that experience to equal that of the ancients
10)who did they imitate for this revival ?
Cicero in prose and Virgil in poetry
11)what was the controversy of that time ?
whether Cicero should be the only model for imitation, or whether multiple models should be selected
12) when was the new conceptions of language led ?
the sixteenth and early seventeenth century
13) what was its purpose?
the undermining of Latin as the privileged language of learning
14) what was the central tactic in the attack on the monopoly of Latin ?
production of grammar books for the vernacular
15) what did these books show?
that vernaculars could be reduced to the same kind of rules as Latin
16)who said “Let no one scorn this Tuscan language as plain and meagre,” ?
Poliziano
17) who said “What sort of nation are we, to speak perpetually with the mouth of another?”
Jacques Peletier
18) who said labelling of the French as barbarians “had neither right nor privilege to legitimate thus their nation and to bastardise others”?
Joachim du Bellay
19)who labeled the french as barbarians ?
the Romans
20) who said To have learned to speak with one‟s own mouth means to value that speech as both an object of knowledge and the embodiment of a culture worth having. ?
Richard Waswo
21) what did the campaign to defend and promote the vernacular result in?
it dislodged Latin‟s monopoly on all forms of written or printed enquiry
22) when did that happen ?
the early seventeenth century
23) what did they imitate to developed the new European Language ?
Latin
24) how did they imitate Latin?
by appropriating the vocabulary, grammar rules and stylistic features of Latin into the vernaculars
25)the Latin tongue became abundant by doing what ?
deriving many words from the Greek
26) European writers insisted that imitation should what ?
lead to originality, at least in principle
27) who was the champion of Latin imitation?
Petrarch
28) what did he advise his contemporaries to do ?
to heed Seneca‟s advice and “imitate the bees which through an astonishing process produce wax and honey from the flowers they leave behind
29) who said There is nothing shameful about imitating the ancients and borrowing from them ?
Petrarch
30) who said first “we should imitate the one who is best of all.” Then he added “we should imitate in such a way that we strive to overtake him ?
Pietro Bembo