حل مناقشات نحو وصرف Syntax & Morphology
1- The major families of words
Native speakers of English know thousands of words such as read, language, computer, on, whose meaning and form cannot be predicted. However, once they know the meaning of phish ( obtain sensitive information via email fraudulently ), they can recognize and construct words such as: phised, phiser,phising, and unphishable
2- The main classes of lexical words
lexical (or open)classes (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs)
Function words are the words we use to make our sentences grammatically correct. Pronouns,
determiners, and prepositions, and auxiliary verbs
Comprehensive list of synonyms for describing words clauses andsentences, related words for describing words clauses and sentencesand other word
5- Nouns and verbs in the English language
Verbs have traditionally been defined as words that show action or state of being. Verbs can also sometimes be recognized by their position in a sentence
6- Adjectives and Linking verbs in the English language
An adjective is a word that describes, identifies, modifies, or quantifies something (a noun or a pronoun)
do not express action. Instead, they connect the subject of the verb to additional information
7-- Prepositions in the English language
preposition is a word that links a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase to some other part of the sentence. Prepositions can be tricky for English learner
8- Personal pronouns in the English language
A person pronoun is a personal that is associated primaryily with a particular person, in the grammatical sense when discussing person. 3rd personal pronoun he, she, it. also we have the subject and object pronoun. Subject like we and object like us
9- Coordinate phrases in the English language
The grammar that we have developed so far consists of a LEXICON and a set of Phrase Structure Rules (PSRs) constrained by the X’-schema. The combined work of these two components generates simple structures, be they phrases or clauses of a varying degree of complexity. The central element in a phrase is the HEAD, an Xº, while all its dependents ( Complement, Modifier, or Specifier ) are XPs
10- Complement clauses in the English language
It is a.. nouns - pronouns - verbs - adjectives
adverbs - prepositions - conjunctions - interjections
11- Determiners in the English language
We use the general determiner any with a singular noun or an uncount noun when we are talking about all of those people or things:
It’l s very easy. Any child can do it. (= All children can do it)
With a full licence you are allowed to drive any car.
I like beef, lamb, pork - any meat.
We use the general determiner another to talk about an additional person or thing:
Would you like another glass of wine?
The plural form of another is other:
I spoke to John, Helen and a few other friends.
12- Adverbs in the English language
Ex. Manner Janet left quickly. Janet left early
.
13- Modifiers in the English language
Modifiers are words, phrases, or clauses that provide description in sentences. Modifiers allow writers to take the picture that they have in their heads and transfer it accurately to the heads of their readers
14- Particles in the English language
A particle is a minor function word that has comparatively little meaning and does not inflect, in particular