1- In light of the urgent need of knowledge, discuss the importance of translation.
A certain language system has its own features and norms that people use to communicate with each other. What if two sides who are speakers of two different language needs to communicate with each other for a certain purpose? Here comes the importance of Translation.
2- It is obvious that not all texts are the same. They differ from each other. Discuss.
TEXT 1 is a religious text taken from the Holy Quran.
TEXT 3 is a technical text describing a certain disease.
TEXT 4 is a literary text taken from the novel “Wuthering Heights” by Emily Bronte
TEXT 5 is an official speech by The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques
TEXT 6 is a poem by the famous English poet William Wordsworth.
TEXT 7 is an academic text - thesis abstract
TEXT 8 is a financial text taken from The Economist Newspaper - 1998
TEXT 9 is taken from a tourist brochure
3- Discuss the difference between text type classifications suggested by Hatim and Newmark.
Hatim classified text types according to their rhetorical purposes to : argumentative, expositive and instruction-based.
Newmark depends on Buhler's functions of language to deal with text types. According to Buhler, there are three language functions:expressive, informative and vocative.
4-What do hybrid text mean to you?
Although Schäffner and Adpb were the first, according to Farahead (2004), to do a comprehensive study on hybrid texts with regard to translation studies, they were not by any means the first to do a study on such texts. This term has been in use since 1990s, “but in another context and with an essential shift in meaning” (Snell-Hornby, 1999: 108
5- What questions should you ask before beginning translating a certain text?
- What is the message content of this particular ST?
- What are its salient linguistic features?
- What are its principal effects?
- What genre does it belong to and what audience is it aimed at?
- What are the functions and intended audience of my translation?
These quesions are strategic question
6- Discuss the relation between text types and translation studies.
Translation is often regarded as a project for transferring meaning from one language to another .
"It is obvious that not all texts are the same type. We may distinguish between political texts, legal texts and medical texts; fairy tales, novels and short stories differ from newspaper reports, essays and scientific papers; food recipes, instructions booklets and advertisements may show similarities but they are not the same, expository texts differ from argumentative texts, etc. All these types of text differ in ways that are somewhat obvious, intuitively, but which nevertheless invite detailed analysis"
What is a metaphor? How to translate a metaphor?
arison, including as, such as and like. The word metaphor derives from the Greek word metaphor meta meaning ‘over’ and phora/pherein, which means ‘to carry’. Aristotle defined metaphor as “the application to one thing of the name of another thing”. Translation theory seems to be lacking a
8- What strategies do you follow to translate a financial text?
In light of the theoretical background outlined before, discuss the strategic decisions that you have to take before starting detailed translation of the following text then translate it into English. The translation will be presented to educated people
Discuss the freedom of the translator when translating a religious text and literary text.
Example: Translation religious text from the Holy Quran will be more difficult than translating a text from a language to another because some words will take more than 2 or even 4 meaning so all the text could be misunderstood but any text will be easy to translate even if it’s with different ways it will be fine but the religious text is not.
Talk about translating the advertisement.
the translation of advertisements has evolved during the last decade towards what is now called advertising localization it is not amere change of designation stemming from computer scince vocabulary but aradical change of perspective concerning the real nature and modes of linguistic and cultural transfer from one languge in to an another
What points should you concentrate on when translating poetry?
every language ha sits own poetry system and when we translate poetry we should know both ST and TT poetry system .
sourse text and target text
What issues do you take into consideration when you translate a literary text?
compound words are translated in to arabic as an adjectives and noun
the rules of combination and word order of the larger languages should be taken in to consideration
A bank leaflet is a text type that requires some certain way of translating. Discuss.
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In light of the course contents, point out the major issues that have been explained during the lectures.
these texts purports to deal with the real worid as it is experienced by observable
they are more or less informative and it is understood to take an objective view