هذي الباراميترز تبع نص محاضرة 8 سواء كانت صيغة السؤال باراميتر صريح او الستراتيجي المناسبة وهي فهم مو حفظ بس اللي يحب يحفظ يتفضل






small change
parameters : functions of the ST and the TT - function of the pun




£ 1.8 billion + - £750 + several hundred million pounds + -£ 300m
parameters : target country ( Saudi Arabia), exchange rate : The exchange rate at that time , time reference : 18 July 1998 and typographical conventions




the chancellor + treasury
parameters : text functions, cultural coherence, and readership's knowledge of source culture




Britain's " overcrowded, under-financed, under-planned and under maintained transport system"
parameters : Compound words are translated into Arabic as an adjective and a noun. The rules of combination and word order of the target language should be taken into consideration




urban congestion charges and taxes on non residential parking + road charges and parking taxes
parameters : functions of the ST and the TT, readership's knowledge of the source culture




Downing Street
parameters : cultural coherence, and readership's knowledge of source culture




deputy prime minister, John Prescott + the transport minister, Gavin Strang
parameters : text functions, cultural coherence, and readership's knowledge of source culture




transport white paper + transِِِport bill
parameters : text functions, cultural coherence, and readership's knowledge of source ِculture




London First
parameters : text functions, and readership's knowledge of source culture




central and outer London
parameters : text functions, cultural coherence, and readership's knowledge of source culture




London Underground
parameters : text functions, cultural coherence, and readership's
knowledge of source culture




new Rail Authority
parameters : text functions, cultural coherence, and readership's knowledge of source culture