المحاضرة الثالثه
Horse (+animate -human-female +adult)
Boy (+animate+human-female -adult )
Man (+animate+human-female +adult )
Girl(+animate+human+female -adult )
Woman(+animate+human+female +adult )
The ((N[+human])) is reading the newspaper
المحاضرة الرابعة
1-The boy kicked to the ball
The boy (NP) as the AGENT
The ball as the THEME
2- The ball was red
The ball as the AGENT
3-The wind blew the Ball away
The wind is AGENT
The ball is the THEME
4-A car ran over the ball
Car is AGENT
The ball is the THEME
5-the Dog caught the Ball
The dog is AGENT
The ball is the THEME
6- The Boy cut The Rope with a razor
The boy is Agent
The rope is theme
A razor is instrument
7- He drew the picture with a piece of chalk
He drew is agent
The picture is them
a pice of chalk is instrument
8- the boy feel sad
The experiencer is the boy
The them is sad
9- Did you hear that noise?
You is experiencer
noise is the theme
10-we drove from Jeddah to Abha
We drove is agent
Jeddah is source
Abha is goal
11- Latifah saw a fly on the wall
Latifah is experincer
Fly is theme
Wall is location
12-Latifa borrowed a magazine from Ahmad
Latifa is agent
Magazine is theme
Ahmad is source
13- she squashed the fly with the magazine
She is Agent
Fly is theme
Magazine is instrument
14-she handed the magazine back to Ahmed
She is agent
Magazine is the theme
Ahmed is the goal
15- Ooh ,thanks,said ahmed
Agent is Ahmed
Roles الادوار
The boy kicked to the ball
The boy is agent
The ball is the theme
Instrument الوسيله
Experiencer المجرب
L6
referring expression الاشارة التعبيريه
تكون غالبا بالواقع صحيحة
referent الاشارة
تكون خياليه مثل نتمنى نهر في الرياض
Primary referring expression
الاشارات التعبيريه الرئيسيه مثل الاسماء
Unique نادر وفريد
Fixed reference is unique
Inference استدلالي
مثل اين يجلس طلب سلطة الخيار
ومثال صاحب سيارة الموستينغ كار
Can I look at your chomsky ?
non-unique غير نادر وفريد
Variable refernce is non -unique
Concreteواقعي ملموسthe key to the front door
A bright light
abstractجوهري نظري غير ملموس مثل فكرة the key to success
A bright future
Countable معدود
non -countableغير معدود
L7
Deixis كلمات شائعة
Personal diexis :I ,we ,you ,he ,she ,it ,they
اشارة شخضية
Spatial deixis :here ,there , this , these ,that , those
اشارات مكانية
Temporal deixis :now ,then ,yesterday ,tomorrow,last week ,next month
اشارات زمانية
Anaphoraالجناس
L8
Collocations المجموعات
Blond /hair
Fast car
Fast food
Quick glance
Quick meal
take a photo
Keep to
Stick to the rule
I mad a few mistakes
Strictly forbidden
Bitterly cold
Pitch dark
Poverty breeds crime
Substantial meal
A sharp pain
economy boomed
Company ,grown
Company ,expanded
Merged compainies
a surge of anger
a sense of pride
filled with horror
burst into tears
Into
Pulled steadily
Placed /gently
Whispered softly
Smiled proudly
Bright color.
Brief chat.
Amajor problm.
Firth's 1951
L9
Presuppsition الفرضيات
L10 speech acts افعال الكلام
Linguistic context التعبير اللغوي
Direct اذا كان سوال استفهامي جوابه نعم او لا او تصريح اعلاني مثل تركت الباب مفتوح
In direct اذا كان سوال الغرض منه طلب او امر
Speech act Theory نظرية دور الكلام
اوستن صنف اعمال الكلام الى 3فرضيات
Locutionary force فعل لفظي
Do you have a watch :yes i have one
Illocutionary force فعل غير لفظي
فهم سوال الشخص
Perlocutionary force فعل يتاثر على النطق
اي اخبره بما يسال عنه
L11
Politeness التهذيب و اللباقة
a face -threatening act وجهه مغسول بمرق
Give me that file
Give me that chair
a face -saving act حفظ ماء الوجه
Could you pass me that file ?
Are you using this chair ?
Positive face الوجه الايجابي
Let's go
Let's do
I'm sorry
I know you are busy
Negative face وجه سلبي
I need to borrow your car
Lend me your car
More polite اكثر تهذيبا
Please
Can you
Would
L12
Metaphor الاستعارة
Conceptual Metaphorالاستعارة الفكرية
1-Argument is war الجدال هو الخصام
your claims are indefensible انها ديونك لانستطيع الدفع عنك
He attacked every weak point in my argument
هاجمني في رأي
His criticisms were right on target
كل الانتقادات صحيحه
Live never won an argument with him
لم يسبق لي ان اكسب النقاش
He shot down all of my arguments
انه اسقط كل براهيني
2-Time is money الوقت هو المال
we spend time or save it;
we invest time,
budget time,
and sometimes run out of time
we can borrow time, or spare it.
3) IDEAS ARE PLANTS الافكار مثل النباتات
allows us to plant ideas, watch them grow, and hope that they come to
fruitio
4) UNDERSTANDING IS SEEING. الفهم هو الابصار
I see your point!
A spatial metaphor الاستعارة المكانية
Idioms المصطلح الاستعاري
off the wall = very complicated
put on good face = to smile
hit the book = read
hit the sack= sleep
kicked the packet = to die
piece of cake = easy to do
fly off the handle= to lose one's temper
spilled the beans = to give away a secret or ruin surprise
red hearing= to introduce irrelevant argument
blow one's top= to become mad quickly
L13
Co-Operative Principle مبدا التعاون
Quantitymaxim:ثابت الكميه
Qualitymaxim:ثابت الجودة
Relationmaxim:ثابت العلاقة
Mannermaxim:ثابت الاسلوب
هذا تلخيصي للامثله