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المحاضره 1
1) what is another name for children literature?
juvenile litrature
2)what does children's literature include?
stories, books, and poems
3)how is modern literature classified ?
it's classified in two different ways genre or the age of the reader
4)what was the beginning of children literature ?
stories and songs
5) what was the wider tradition is was a part of ?
oral tradition
6)when were these stories shared ?
before publishing excited
7)can the development of such literature be traced ?
it is difficult to trace children's literature before printing excited
8)what were many children's classical tales originally created for?
they were created for adults then later adapted for a younger audience (children)
9) when did literature that was aiming for young children begin >
in the 1400
10) what kind of message did it have ?
moral or religious message
11)when was the golden age of children's literature ?
The late nineteenth and early twentieth century's
12) why was that period known as the golden age ?
it included the publication of many books acknowledged today as classics.
13)what is the definition of children's literature ?
anything that children read or more specifically defined as fiction, non-fiction, poetry, or drama intended for and used by children and young people
14)how did Nancy Anderson define children's literature?
"all books written for children, excluding works such as comic books, joke books, cartoon books, and nonfiction works that are not intended to be read from front to back, such as dictionaries, encyclopedias, and other reference materials".
15) what does the International Companion Encyclopedia of Children's Literature notes?
"the boundaries of genre, are not fixed but blurred". Sometimes, no agreement can be reached about whether a given work is best categorized as literature for adults or children
spoken narratives existed before printing
16) what is the root of many children's tales?
ancient storyteller Seth Lerer
17)what is a literary genre?
a category of literary compositions
18) what can Genres be determined by?
technique, tone, content, or length
19) according to Nancy Anderson how many children's literature categories are there ?
there are six categories
20)what are they ?
Picture books
Traditional literature
Fiction
Non-fiction
Biography
Poetry and verse
by age category The criteria for these divisions are vague, and books near a borderline may be classified either way.
21) how are books for younger children written?
they tend to be written in simple language, use large print, and have many illustrations.
22)how are books for older children written?
they use increasingly complex language, normal print, and fewer (if any) illustrations
23) what are the age category?
Picture books, appropriate for pre-readers or children ages 0–5
Early reader books, appropriate for children ages 5–7.
Chapter book, appropriate for children ages 7–12
Young-adult fiction, appropriate for children ages 12–18
24)what are illustrations ?
pictures
25)what is one of the oldest sorties to show this?
A papyrus from Byzantine Egypt, shows illustrations accompanied by the story of Hercules' labours
26) what is a papyrus ?
a type of paper
27) are adult books illustrated ?
no, except in graphic novels.
28) what do Children's picture books often serve as?
an accessible source of high quality art for young children
29)what is an illustrated books ccording to Joyce Whalley?
"an illustrated book differs from a book with illustrations in that a good illustrated book is one where the pictures enhance or add depth to the text."
30)what was the first illustrated children's book?
Orbit Pictus
31) when and who published it ?
in 1658 by the Moravian author Comenius
32)early children's books, such as Orbis Pictus, were illustrated by?
woodcut
33)what do Newer processes, use?
copper and steel engraving
34) when were they first used ?
in the 1830s
35) what is Chromolithography?
a way of making multicoloured prints
36) what was one of its first uses in children's books?
in Struwwelpeter, published in Germany in 1845
37) what is another method of creating illustrations for children's books?
etching
38) who used it ?
George Cruikshank in the 1850s
39) when were top artists in the West illustrating for children?
1860s
40) give some examples ?
Crane, Randolph Caldecott, Kate Greenaway, and John Tensile
41)Most pictures were still black-and-white, and many color pictures were hand coloured by who?
often by children
42)whose paintings are considered artistic treasures, and illustrated books for children from the late 1800s into the 1900s ?
Nandalal Bose
43) who are some twentieth-century artists that produced illustrations that are still reprinted today?
Kay Nielson, Edmund Dulac, and Arthur Rackham
[44) when did offset lithography became more refined?
After World War II
45) when were painter-style illustrations, such as Brian Wildsmith's common?
1950s.