1- American literary naturalism is a literary movement that?
Became popular in late-nineteenth-century in America

2- American literary naturalism is often associated with?
Literary realism

3- The term naturalism was initially coined by?
Emile Zola, the renowned French author

4- Emile Zola, the renowned French author is credited as?
A key figure in the development of French literary naturalism

5- In the late nineteenth century, the literary movement became popular all over?
Europe,from England to Russia

6- American writers were particularly influenced by?
The British and French models

7- American writers were particularly influenced by the British and French models and began to adapt the?
The form to reflect American social, economic, and cultural conditions

8- Viewed as a combination of realism and romanticism, critics contend that the American form is heavily influenced by the concept of?
Determinism

9- Determinism is?
The theory that heredity and environment influence determine human behavior

10- Although naturalism is often associated with realism, which also seeks to accurately represent human existence, the two movements are differentiated by?
The fact that naturalism is connected to the doctrine of biological, economic, and social determinism

11- Naturalism is connected to the doctrine of biological, economic, and social determinism. This fact reflects?
The difference between naturalism and realism

12- In their short fiction, ………….. writers strive to depict life accurately through an exploration of the causal factors that have shaped a character's life as well as a deterministic approach to the character's thoughts and actions?
Naturalist

13- A naturalist depicts a character's actions as determined by?
Environmental forces

14- American literary naturalism came to the forefront of popular literature during a time of?
Tremendous cultural and economic upheaval in the United States

15- In the late nineteenth century a number of factors resulted in extreme changes on the American landscape, these factors are?
Industrialization,urbanization, mechanization, and an influx of immigrants from all over the world

16- The short fiction of American literary naturalism depicts the experiences of impoverished and uneducated people living in?
Squalor and struggling to survive in a harsh, indifferent world

17-Major thematic concerns of the form include?
*the fight for survival—man against nature and man against society
*violence
*the consequences of sex and sex as a commodity
*the waste of individual potential because of the conditioning forces of life
*and man's struggle with his animalistic base instincts

18- One of the major thematic concerns also is the waste of individual potential because of?
The conditioning forces of life

19- As a result, the short stories of this literary movement are often regarded as?
Depressing,slice-of-life documentations of sad, unfulfilled lives

20- A handful of significant American authors, such as Stephen Crane, Theodore Dreiser, and Frank Norris,utilized the form, which noticeably declined in popularity by the?
Early 20th century

21- The term naturalism describes a type of Literature that attempts to?
apply scientific principles of objectivity and detachment to its study of human beings

22- Unlike realism,which focuses on literary technique, naturalism implies a?
Philosophical position
23- For naturalistic writers, since human beings are, in Emile Zola's phrase, "human beasts," characters can be studied through their?
Relationships to their surroundings

24- Other influences on American naturalists include?
Herbert Spencer and Joseph LeConte
25- Naturalistic writers believed that the laws behind the forces that govern human lives might be?
Studied and understood

26- Naturalistic writers thus used a version of the ……….method to write their novels?
Scientific

27- Naturalists studied human beings governed by their instincts and passions ……….the ways in which the characters' lives were governed by forces of heredity and environment?
as well as

28- Naturalists used the techniques of accumulating detail pioneered by?
The realists

29- Naturalists had a………..object in mind when they chose the segment of reality that they wished to convey?
Specific

30- In George Becker's famous and much-annotated and contested phrase, naturalism's philosophical framework can be simply described as?
"pessimistic materialistic determinism"