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شرح دودي كول


المحاضرة السادسة

ملياااانه دش كلام ومدري احسه مخربط...فالافضل نذاكره من الامتحانات السابقة vtuj رفعت الراية البيضا هنا

المهم هذكر اللي لقطه واعتبره مهم...بس السموحه بكتبهم بالعربي

هي عموما بتتكلم عن اللغة وظهورها

*dante دانتي
قال بان اللغة وضعت بشكل الاهي

*1440 في ايطاليا قام Lorenzo valla بان اللغة انشأت من قبل البشرية وتحديدا الرجال

*قامت الانسانية النقدية بحماية اللغة اللاتنية من الاحتكار بوضع كتب قواعد
grammar book

*Petrah بتراه
كان بطل التقليد اللاتيني
champion of Latin imitation



أسئلة عيوش

lecture 6 part 1

renaissance humanists realised that the Latin they spoke was what?
was different from classical Latin

2)because of that language was practically established as what?
a historical phenomenon

3)for Dante language was what ?
divinely instituted, and the connection of words and things and the rules of grammar were not arbitrary

4)who established the fact that meaning in language is created by humans and shaped by history ?
Italian humanists

5)when did they establish that fact ?
by the 1414s

6) who believed in this fact?
Lorenzo Valla

7)the realisation of the difference between medieval and classical Latin created what ?
a short era of intense neo-Latin imitation

8) who advocated the revival of ancient Latin ?
humanists

9)why did they want to revive ancient latin ?
Latin had to become, again, the natural and familiar mode of organising experience for that experience to equal that of the ancients

10)who did they imitate for this revival ?
Cicero in prose and Virgil in poetry

11)what was the controversy of that time ?
whether Cicero should be the only model for imitation, or whether multiple models should be selected

12) when was the new conceptions of language led ?
the sixteenth and early seventeenth century

13) what was its purpose?
the undermining of Latin as the privileged language of learning

14) what was the central tactic in the attack on the monopoly of Latin ?
production of grammar books for the vernacular

15) what did these books show?
that vernaculars could be reduced to the same kind of rules as Latin

16)who said “Let no one scorn this Tuscan language as plain and meagre,” ?
Poliziano

17) who said “What sort of nation are we, to speak perpetually with the mouth of another?”
Jacques Peletier

18) who said labelling of the French as barbarians “had neither right nor privilege to legitimate thus their nation and to bastardise others”?
Joachim du Bellay

19)who labeled the french as barbarians ?
the Romans

20) who said To have learned to speak with one‟s own mouth means to value that speech as both an object of knowledge and the embodiment of a culture worth having. ?
Richard Waswo

21) what did the campaign to defend and promote the vernacular result in?
it dislodged Latin‟s monopoly on all forms of written or printed enquiry

22) when did that happen ?
the early seventeenth century

23) what did they imitate to developed the new European Language ?
Latin

24) how did they imitate Latin?
by appropriating the vocabulary, grammar rules and stylistic features of Latin into the vernaculars

25)the Latin tongue became abundant by doing what ?
deriving many words from the Greek

26) European writers insisted that imitation should what ?
lead to originality, at least in principle

27) who was the champion of Latin imitation?
Petrarch

28) what did he advise his contemporaries to do ?
to heed Seneca‟s advice and “imitate the bees which through an astonishing process produce wax and honey from the flowers they leave behind

29) who said There is nothing shameful about imitating the ancients and borrowing from them ?
Petrarch

30) who said first “we should imitate the one who is best of all.” Then he added “we should imitate in such a way that we strive to overtake him ?
Pietro Bembo


lecture 6 part 2

who stressed that the imitative product should not be “the same as the ones we imitate, but to be similar to them in such a way that the similarity is scarcely recognised except by the learned ?
landino

2) who wrote Arte Poetica ?
Hieronimo Muzio

3)who said “direct your eyes, with mind intent, upon the famous examples of the ancient times.” ?
Hieronimo Muzio

4) what did Hieronimo Muzio mean by (“writing shall exhale their previously absorbed odour, like a garment preserved among roses.” )?
spending time with the classic writers will rub off on you , you will be affected by their writings

5) who said “imitation [would] change into nature”, that his work would resemble the model not as a copy but “as father is to son.” ?
Giraldi Cinthio:

6) Antonio Minturno used who's metaphor ?
Seneca‟s

7) the terms of the imitation discussions in Italy were a copy of ?
of Roman discussions

8) the terms of the French debate was a copy of ?
the Italian debate

9)who celebrated the theft and plunder from the classics ?
Joachim du Bella

10) who used Quintilian’s passage without acknowledgement ?
du Bellay


11) who enjoined the reader not to be “ashamed” to write in his native tongue in imitation of the ancients. ?
Joachim du Bella

12) why did Joachim du bella say “Imitating the best Greek authors, transforming into them, devouring them; and after well digesting them, converting them into blood and nourishment. “?
he was describing the process through which the Romans enriched their language

13) who said only the “rarest and most exquisite virtues” are to be imitated ?
Joachim du Bella

14) why couldn't Europeans imitate the Romans freely ?
they were pagans

15) Renaissance Europe was what ?
fervently Christian

16)European authors frequently stressed that imitation should not what ?
undermine the Christian character of their world

17) this issue was settled early on by ?
Erasmus’s

18) how did he settle it ?
through his dialogue Ciceronianus

19) when did the controversy rage ?
the early sixteenth century

20) the controversy was between whom ?
those who advocated the exclusive imitation of Cicero, and others who advocated the imitation of multiple models

21) who established once and for all Christian interests and sensibilities as the ultimate limit of imitation ?
Erasmus

22) what were the two propositions he started with in the ciceronianus?
the one who speaks most like Cicero speaks best
good speaking depends on decorum

23)Erasmus argued that since decorum is important, one should not speak as Cicero spoke in the past , but how ?
as he would speak now if he were alive

24) what does that mean ?
“in a Christian manner about Christian matters.”

25) Erasmus openly branded what ?
the Ciceronians

26) Erasmus saw some dangers in the practice of imitation how was that ?
the rediscovery of pagan written documents and their unprecedented diffusion through printing,

27) what was Erasmus’s primary concern in writing the Ciceronianus ?
to expose renascent paganism disguising itself as Ciceronian classicism


28) did he rely “on religious appeal “?
no he did not , he relied on “historical argument” and “historical reasoning.”


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كويزات محاضرة ( 6 )

Literary Criticism (أسئلة شامله للمنهج )#6

النقد الادبي (6-7)

النقد الادبي لayosha م6 part1
http://www.ckfu.org/vb/quiz.php?do=take&quiz_id=11509

النقد الادبي لayosha م6 part2
http://www.ckfu.org/vb/quiz.php?do=take&quiz_id=11510