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شرح دودي كول

المحاضرة 9
.وبقيه المحاضرات تتكلم عن شخصيات في الحركة البينية--Structuralism " "
ذكرنا واحد منهم في المحاضره السابقة وانجازاته,,,,وهو جينيت
......هالمحاضرة تتكلم عن

1. Roland Barthes: صاحب__,,“The Death of the Author”


In Literary Studies
في الدراسات الادبية

Structuralism is interested in the conventions and the structures of the literary work.
البنيويه اهتم بالتقاليد وهيكيليه العمل

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According to Roland Barthes, it is language that speaks and not the author who no longer determines meaning. Consequences: We no longer talk about works but texts.
بالنسبه لرولان بارت ان اللغة هي التي تتحدث وليس المؤلف بمعنى اننا لن نتحدث عن الاعمال...بل سنتحدث عن النصوص


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The birth of the reader has a cost: the death of the Author.
ولادة القارىء كلفت موت المؤلف

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لمن راجعت الاسئلة في اشياء محطوطة من هالمحاضرة ولاكن مو كثيرة م يتعدى سؤالين...فلتعرفوا بشكل اجمالي عن الشخصيات وايش اسئلتها بس تقرؤوا هالمعلومات اللي انا بعتبرها رؤس اقلام..ارجعوا للاسئلة..
اللي بحاول اكتبه هنا انه يكفيكم ويغنيكم عن الرجوع للمحتوى لتبسط الامور عندكم
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فالشخصيات كل اللي اقدر اسويه اذكر نقاطه,,والباقي عليكم





أسئلة عيوش

lecture 9


who is Structuralism usually designates to ?
group of French thinkers

2) what were they influenced by?
Ferdinand de Saussure’s theory of language

3) when were they active ?
the 1950s and 60s

4) what concepts did they apply?
structural linguistics to the study of social and cultural phenomenon, including literature

5) where did Structuralism developed first ?
in anthropology with Claude Levi-Strauss

6) where did it develop after that ?
in literary and cultural studies with Roman Jackobson, Roland Barthes, Gerard Gennette

7) where did it develop after that ?
in Psychoanalysis with Jacques Lacan

8) where did it develop after the ?
Intellectual History with Michel Foucault and Marxist Theory with Louis Althusser.

9) what school did they form?
these thinkers never formed a school but it was under the label “Structuralism”

10) when did their work circulate?
their work circulated in the 1960s and 70s


11)what is structuralism interested in with literary studies?
the conventions and the structures of the literary work (the text itself not the author)

12) structuralism does not seek to produce new interpretations of literary works , but what ?
understand and explain how these works can have the meanings and effects that they do

13)what is semiotics ?
the general science of signs
the general study of signs in behaviour and communication that avoids philosophical speculation and cultural critiques that marked Structuralism.

14) who was Roland Barthes ?
one of the most prominent figures in French Structuralism

15)what was his work about?
the function of the author in literature

16) who wrote “The Death of the Author”?
Roland Barthes

17) where did he write it ?
his book Image, Music, Text

18) who translated his book?
Stephen Heath

19) Barthes reminds the reader in this essay that the idea of the “author” is what ?
a modren invention

20) when did the author emerge ?
It emerged with English empiricism when society discovered the prestige of the individual,

21)Literature is tyrannically centred on what ?
the author, his life, person, tastes and passions

22) where is the explanation of a text sought ?
in the person who produced it

23)In ethnographic societies, the responsibility for a narrative is never assumed by a person but ?
by a mediator, a relator

24) where is the explanation of a work always sought ?
in the man or woman who produced it

25) who reigns supreme in histories of literature biographies of writers, interviews, magazines ?
the author

26) Literary criticism and literature in general are enslaved to ?
the author

27)The reader, the critic, the historian all read the text of literature only to try to discover ?
the author, his life, his personality, his biography, psychology etc.

28)Barthes proposes that literature and criticism dispose of ?
the author

29) what happens once the author is removed?
the claim to decipher a text becomes quite futile

30) what happens to the professional critics who claims to be the guardian of the text ?
he looses his position. All readings become equal

31) what does Roland Barthes question?
the traditional idea that the meaning of the literary text and the production of the literary text should be traced solely to a single author

32)Structuralism and Poststructuralism proved what?
d that meaning is not fixed by or located in the author’s ‘intention.’


33)Barthes rejected the idea that literature and criticism should rely on what?
“a single self-determining author, in control of his meanings, who fulfils his intentions and only his intentions

34)according to Roland Barthes, who speaks ?
it is language that speaks and not the author who no longer determines meaning

35) why does barthe want literature to move away from the idea of the author ?
to discover the reader, and more importantly, in order to discover writing

36) a text is not a message of an author but?
“a multidimensional space where a variety of writings, none of them original, blend and clash.”

37)a text is made of what?
multiple writings, drawn from many cultures and entering into mutual relations of dialogue, parody, contestation

38) who should be the focus of interpretation ?
the reader not the author

39)what doe we mean by the text is plural?
“a tissue of quotations,” a woven fabric with citations, references, echoes, cultural languages

40)the author is always conceived of as ?
the past of his own book

41) book and author stand automatically on a single line divided in to what?
into a before and an after

42) what do we mean but he author is thought to nourish the book ?
he exists before it, thinks, suffers, lives for it, is in the same relation of antecedence to his work as a father to his child


43) when is the modern scriptor born ?
simultaneously with the tex

44) who is the modern scriptor ?
the hand cut off from any voice. He is borne by a pure gesture of inscription (and not of expression



كويزات محاضرة 9

[ كويز ] :النقد الادبي (9-10)

النقد الادبي لayosha م9
http://www.ckfu.org/vb/quiz.php?do=take&quiz_id=11470