2016- 3- 28
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#20
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مميزة مستوى 8 E
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محاضرة ( 10 )
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شرح دودي كول 
المحاضرة 10
1. Michel Foucaultصاحب
: “What is an Author?”
تعريف وظيفة المؤلف:
انه مجموعه من المعتقدات
والافتراضات
التي:تنتج...تتداول...وتصنف..وتستهلك النصوص
"author function" is more like a set of beliefs or assumptions governing the production, circulation, classification and consumption of texts.
(جا سؤال عليه سابقا)
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أسئلة عيوش
lecture 10
1) who wrote "What is an Author?”?
Michel Foucault
2)what does Foucault questions ?
the most basic assumptions about authorship
3) who said It "came into being,” he explains, at a particular moment in history, and it may pass out of being at some future moment ?
Michel Foucault
4) what is he talking about ?
authorship
5)how does Foucault describe the way we see authors?
as individuals, heroic figures who somehow transcend or exist outside history
6) who urged critics to realize that they could "do without [the author] and study the work itself ?
Barthes
7) what did Foucault think of that?
it’s not realistic.
8)Foucault suggests that critics like Barthes and Derrida never really get rid of the author but do what ?
instead merely reassigns the author's powers and privileges to "writing" or to "language itself
9)Foucault doesn't want his readers to assume that the question of authorship has what ?
already been solved by critics like Barthes and Derrida.
10)Foucault says the names of authors often serve as what ?
a "classifactory" function.
11) how is an average bookstore is organized ?
by author
12) who introduced the concept of the "author function “?
Foucault
13)what is the "author function”?
It is not a person and it should not be confused with either the "author" or the "writer." it’s more like a set of beliefs or assumptions governing the production, circulation, classification and consumption of texts.
14)Foucault identifies and describes how many characteristics of the "author function” ?
4
15) what are they ?
1. The "author function" is linked to the legal system
2. The "author function" does not affect all texts in the same way
3. The "author function" is more complex than it seems to be
4. The term "author" doesn't refer purely and simply to a real individual
16) what do we mean by linked to a legal system ?
There is the need here to have names attached to statements made in case there is a need to punish someone for transgressive things that get said.
17)explain does not affect all texts in the same way?
it doesn't seem to affect scientific texts as much as it affects literary texts. If a chemistry teacher is talking about the periodic table, you probably wouldn't stop her and say, "Wait a minute--who's the author of this table?" If I'm talking about a poem, however, you might very well stop me and ask me about its author
18)what do we mean by doesn't refer purely and simply to a real individual ?
The "author" is much like the "narrator," Foucault suggests, in that he or she can be an "alter ego" for the actual flesh-and-blood "writer.”
19)Foucault shows that the "author function" applies not only to individual works but what ?
larger discourses
20)who raises the possibility of doing a "historical analysis of discourse “?
Foucault
21) what has operated differently in different places and at different times ?
the "author function"
22) how did Foucault begin his essay?
by questioning our tendency to imagine "authors" as individuals isolated from the rest of society
23) who argues that the author is not a source of infinite meaning, but rather part of a systemof beliefs that serve to limit and restrict meaning ?
Foucault
24) what does Foucault agree with Barthes on?
that the "author function" may soon "disappear
25) what does he disagree with him ?
that instead of the limiting and restrictive "author function," we will have some kind of absolute freedom
26) what does he think will happen ?
one set of restrictions and limits (the author function) will give way to another set there must and will always be some "system of constraint" working upon us
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