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:Russian Formalism





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.x originated and flourished in Russia
.x A school of literary scholarship
.x It was championed by unorthodox philologists and literary historians
:x Their project was stated in
. 1Poetics: Studies in the Theory of Poetic Language
. 2Modern Russian Poetry by Roman Jakobson


.(1917,x Russian Formalism is a product of the Russian reveloution (The Bolshevik Revolution
.x Before 1917 Russia romanticized literature and viewed literature from a religious perspective
.x The formalist perspective encouraged the study of literature from an objective and scientific lens
x thier oppenents named them the formalist but they prefered to be called the morphological approach or the specifiers
x They revolutionized literary criticism by establishing the specificity and autonomy of poetic language and literature.



:x Formalist project had two objectives
1The emphasis on the literary work and its component parts
2The autonomy of literary scholarship




:x Formalist Principles
1Formalists are not interested in: The psychology and biography of the author,The religious, moral, or political value of literature ,The symbolism in literature also people (i.e., author, reader) are not important
2Formalism strives to force literary or artwork to stand on its own
3the Formalists rejected traditional definitions of literature. They had a deep-seated distrust of psychology
4They rejected the theories that locate literary meaning in the poet rather than the poem – the theories that invoke a "faculty of mind" conducive to poetic creation.
5They had little use for all the talk about "intuition," "imagination," "genius," and the like.




x Roman Jakobson: (The subject of literary scholarship is not literature in its totality but literariness (literaturnost'), i.e., that which makes of a given work a work of literature
x Eichenbaum: (The literary scholar ought to be concerned solely with the inquiry into the distinguishing features of the literary materials



:x Poetic vs. Ordinary Language
x Russian Formalists argued that Literature was a specialized mode of language