Many authors tried to define “Translation”
“Rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text.” (Newmark :1988)
“author = the originator of the text whether it is oral or written”
Translation is the general term referring to the transfer of thoughts and ideas from one language (source) to another (target), whether the languages are in written or oral form; whether the languages have established orthographies or do not have such standardization or whether one or both languages is based on signs, as with sign languages of the deaf
(Brislin, 1976)
Translation is often regarded as a project for transferring meaning from one language to another. (Farghal, 1999)
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